Instrument Detail

State and Trends of Carbon Pricing Dashboard

The State and Trends of Carbon Pricing Dashboard is an interactive online tool aimed at policymakers, businesses, and researchers. It provides the latest information on existing and emerging direct carbon pricing initiatives around the world.
95
National 52
Subnational 43
Jurisdictions with compliance instruments
80
ETSs 37
Carbon taxes 43
Instruments implemented
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Carbon pricing instruments are considered: "Implemented" once they have been formally adopted through legislation and compliance obligations are in force and enforced; "Under development" if the government is actively working towards the implementation of a specific carbon pricing instrument, a mandate may have been established, but regulated entities do not yet face compliance obligations, and this has been formally confirmed by official government sources; or "Under consideration" if the government has announced its intention to work towards the implementation of a carbon pricing instrument and this has been formally confirmed by official government sources. An "Abolished" instrument is one that has previously met the definition of "Implemented" but is no longer in place. *The UK left the EU ETS but electricity generators in Northern Ireland are still subject to obligations.

1990
2025

Details of compliance carbon pricing instruments

Compare and sort ETSs and Carbon taxes based on a range of design features. Filters applied to the table are also displayed in the map above.

Unique IDInstrument nameTypeStatusStart dateEnd dateScopeJurisdictionRegionCountry income groupMain price rateShare of jurisdiction's GHG emissions coveredGovernment revenueCovered gasesSectorsPoint of RegulationAllocation approachesPrice or market managementOffset eligibilityBanking/borrowingCoverage threshold
Tax_AL
Albania carbon tax
Carbon tax
Implemented
2010
National
Albania
Europe & Central Asia
Upper middle income
US$14 (ALL1,255)
0.73
US$0 million (2024) (ALL0 million)
    ETS_AL
    Albania ETS
    ETS
    Under consideration
    TBC
    National
    Albania
    Europe & Central Asia
    Upper middle income
      Tax_CA_Alberta
      Alberta carbon tax
      Carbon tax
      Abolished
      2017
      2019
      Subnational
      Alberta
      North America
      High income
        ETS_CA_Alberta
        Alberta TIER
        ETS
        Implemented
        2007
        Subnational
        Alberta
        North America
        High income
        US$66 (CAN$95)
        0.59
        US$412 million (2024) (CAN$564 million)
        CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, SF6, PFCs, Other
        Point Source
        Free allocation (Intensity-based), Set price
        Set price trajectory
        Yes, unlimited
        Banking
        100000 tCO2-e
        Tax_AN
        Andorra carbon tax
        Carbon tax
        Implemented
        2022
        National
        Andorra
        Europe & Central Asia
        High income
        US$32 (€30)
        0.95
        US$0 million (2024) (€0 million)
          Tax_AR
          Argentina carbon tax
          Carbon tax
          Implemented
          2018
          National
          Argentina
          Latin America & Caribbean
          Upper middle income
          US$5 (ARS5,716)
          0.38
          US$225 million (2024) (ARS203,646 million)
          CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, SF6, PFCs
          Upstream
          Set price
          Not permitted
          ETS_AR
          Argentina ETS
          ETS
          Under consideration
          TBC
          National
          Argentina 
          Latin America & Caribbean
          Upper middle income
            ETS_AU1
            Australia CPM
            ETS
            Abolished
            2012
            2014
            National
            Australia
            East Asia & Pacific
            High income
              ETS_AU2
              Australia Safeguard Mechanism
              ETS
              Implemented
              2023
              National
              Australia
              East Asia & Pacific
              High income
              US$22 (A$35)
              0.26
              US$ million (2024) (A$ million)
              CO2, CH4, N2O, SF6, HFCs, PFCs, Other
              Point Source
              Free allocation (Intensity-based)
              None
              Yes, unlimited
              Banking
              100000 tCO2-e
              ETS_AT
              Austria ETS
              ETS
              Implemented
              2022
              National
              Austria
              Europe & Central Asia
              High income
              US$49 (€45)
              0.36
              US$1,264 million (2024) (€1,177 million)
              Several gases (primarily CO2 for fuels not in EU ETS)
              Upstream
              Set price
              Fixed price
              Not permitted
              None
              None
              Tax_BH
              Bahrain carbon tax
              Carbon tax
              Under consideration
              TBC
              National
              Bahrain
              Middle East & North Africa
              High income
                Tax_MX_BC
                Baja California carbon tax
                Carbon tax
                Abolished
                2020
                2021
                Subnational
                Baja California
                Latin America & Caribbean
                Upper middle income
                  ETS_CN_Beijing
                  Beijing pilot ETS
                  ETS
                  Implemented
                  2013
                  Subnational
                  Beijing
                  East Asia & Pacific
                  Upper middle income
                  US$12 (RMB88)
                  0.171944309
                  US$1 million (2024) (RMB8 million)
                  CO2
                  Point Source
                  Free allocation (Grandfathering), Free allocation (Intensity-based)
                  Price corridor
                  Yes, with quantitative limit
                  Banking
                  5000 tCO2-e
                  ETS_BA
                  Bosnia and Herzegovina ETS
                  ETS
                  Under consideration
                  TBC
                  National
                  Bosnia and Herzegovina
                  Europe & Central Asia
                  Upper middle income
                    Tax_BW
                    Botswana carbon tax
                    Carbon tax
                    Under consideration
                    TBC
                    National
                    Botswana
                    Sub-Saharan Africa
                    Upper middle income
                      ETS_BR
                      Brazil ETS
                      ETS
                      Under consideration
                      TBC
                      National
                      Brazil
                      Latin America & Caribbean
                      Upper middle income
                        Tax_CA_BC
                        BC carbon tax
                        Carbon tax
                        Abolished
                        2008
                        2025
                        Subnational
                        British Columbia
                        North America
                        High income
                        ETS_CA_BC
                        BC OBPS
                        ETS
                        Implemented
                        2016
                        Subnational
                        British Columbia
                        North America
                        High income
                        US$66 (CAN$95)
                        0.26
                        US$ million (2024) (CAN$ million)
                        CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, SF6, PFCs
                        Point Source
                        Free allocation (Intensity-based), Set price
                        Set price trajectory
                        Yes, with quantitative limit
                        Banking
                        10000 tCO2-e
                        UND_BN
                        Brunei Darussalam Undecided
                        Undecided
                        Under consideration
                        TBC
                        National
                        Brunei Darussalam
                        East Asia & Pacific
                        High income
                          ETS_US_California
                          California CaT
                          ETS
                          Implemented
                          2012
                          Subnational
                          California
                          North America
                          High income
                          US$29 (US$29)
                          0.76
                          US$4,401 million (2024) (US$4,401 million)
                          CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, SF6, PFCs, Other
                          Point Source, Upstream
                          Free allocation (Intensity-based), Auctioning
                          Price floor, Market stability reserve
                          Yes, with quantitative limit
                          Banking
                          25000 tCO2-e
                          ETS_CA2
                          Canada ETS
                          ETS
                          Under consideration
                          TBC
                          National
                          Canada
                          North America
                          High income
                            Tax_CA
                            Canada federal fuel charge
                            Carbon tax
                            Abolished
                            2019
                            2025
                            National
                            Canada
                            North America
                            High income
                            ETS_CA
                            Canada federal OBPS
                            ETS
                            Implemented
                            2019
                            National
                            Canada
                            North America
                            High income
                            US$66 (CAN$95)
                            0.03
                            US$0 million (2024) (CAN$0 million)
                            CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, SF6, PFCs
                            Point Source
                            Free allocation (Intensity-based)
                            Set price trajectory
                            Yes, with quantitative limit
                            Banking
                            50000 tCO2-e
                            Tax_CAT
                            Catalonia carbon tax
                            Carbon tax
                            Under consideration
                            TBC
                            Subnational
                            Catalonia
                            Europe & Central Asia
                            High income
                              Tax_CL
                              Chile carbon tax
                              Carbon tax
                              Implemented
                              2017
                              National
                              Chile
                              Latin America & Caribbean
                              High income
                              US$5 (US$5)
                              0.55
                              US$140 million (2024) (US$140 million)
                              CO2
                              Downstream
                              Set price, no allocation of allowances.
                              Yes, unlimited
                              25000 tCO2e
                              ETS_CL
                              Chile carbon tax
                              ETS
                              Under consideration
                              TBC
                              National
                              Chile
                              Latin America & Caribbean
                              High income
                                ETS_CN
                                China national ETS
                                ETS
                                Implemented
                                2021
                                National
                                China
                                East Asia & Pacific
                                Upper middle income
                                US$12 (RMB86)
                                0.508028527
                                US$ million (2024) (RMB million)
                                CO2
                                Point Source
                                Free allocation (Intensity-based)
                                None
                                Yes, with quantitative limit
                                Banking
                                26000 tCO2-e
                                ETS_CN_Chongqing
                                Chongqing pilot ETS
                                ETS
                                Implemented
                                2014
                                Subnational
                                Chongqing
                                East Asia & Pacific
                                Upper middle income
                                US$6 (RMB40)
                                0.142149654
                                US$3 million (2024) (RMB23 million)
                                CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, SF6, PFCs
                                Point Source
                                Free allocation (Grandfathering), Free allocation (Intensity-based)
                                None
                                Yes, with quantitative limit
                                Banking
                                13000 tCO2-e
                                Tax_MX_Colima
                                Colima carbon tax
                                Carbon tax
                                Implemented
                                2025
                                Subnational
                                Colima
                                Latin America & Caribbean
                                Upper middle income
                                US$28 (MXN566)
                                0
                                US$0 million (2024) (MXN0 million)
                                CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, SF6, PFCs, Other
                                Point source
                                Set price
                                Introductory set price
                                Yes, with quantitative limits
                                Tax_CO
                                Colombia carbon tax
                                Carbon tax
                                Implemented
                                2017
                                National
                                Colombia
                                Latin America & Caribbean
                                Upper middle income
                                US$7 (COP27,398)
                                0.2
                                US$133 million (2024) (COP551,965 million)
                                CO2, CH4, N2O
                                Upstream
                                Set price
                                The price is set by the Government, with the price fixed, except for coal where the rate is set to increase gradually.
                                Yes, with quantitative limits
                                None
                                ETS_CO
                                Colombia ETS
                                ETS
                                Under consideration
                                TBC
                                National
                                Colombia
                                Latin America & Caribbean
                                Upper middle income
                                  ETS_US_CO
                                  Colorado GHG crediting trading system
                                  ETS
                                  Implemented
                                  2023
                                  Subnational
                                  Colorado
                                  North America
                                  High income
                                  US$ (US$)
                                  0.028982301
                                  US$0 million (2024) (US$ million)
                                  CO2, CH4, N2O, SF6, HFCs, PFCs, NF3
                                  Point Source
                                  Free allocation (Grandfathering) possibly implied
                                  None (baseline-and-credit structure, no price corridor)
                                  Not permitted
                                  Banking
                                  25000 tCO2-e, EITE?50k
                                  Tax_CD
                                  Côte d’Ivoire carbon tax
                                  Carbon tax
                                  Under consideration
                                  TBC
                                  National
                                  Côte d’Ivoire
                                  Sub-Saharan Africa
                                  Lower middle income
                                    Tax_DK
                                    Denmark carbon tax
                                    Carbon tax
                                    Implemented
                                    1992
                                    National
                                    Denmark
                                    Europe & Central Asia
                                    High income
                                    US$108 (DKK (Øre)75,000)
                                    0.44
                                    US$503 million (2024) (DKR3,495 million)
                                    CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, SF6, PFCs
                                    Upstream, Point source
                                    Set Price
                                    Set Price
                                    Not permitted
                                    Not Applicable
                                    Tax_MX_Durango
                                    Durango carbon tax
                                    Carbon tax
                                    Implemented
                                    2023
                                    Subnational
                                    Durango
                                    Latin America & Caribbean
                                    Upper middle income
                                    US$5 (MXN100)
                                    0
                                    US$6 million (2024) (MXN112 million)
                                    CO2, CH4, N2O HFCs, SF6, PFCs
                                    Point source
                                    Set price
                                    Introductory set price
                                    Not permitted
                                    Equal or greater than 1 tCO2
                                    Tax_EE
                                    Estonia carbon tax
                                    Carbon tax
                                    Implemented
                                    2000
                                    National
                                    Estonia
                                    Europe & Central Asia
                                    High income
                                    US$27 (€25)
                                    0.09
                                    US$2 million (2024) (€2 million)
                                    CO2
                                    Point source
                                    Set price
                                    Set price
                                    Not permitted
                                    None
                                    Not available
                                    ETS_EU
                                    EU ETS
                                    ETS
                                    Implemented
                                    2005
                                    Regional
                                    EU
                                    Europe & Central Asia
                                    Europe & Central Asia
                                    US$70 (€65)
                                    0.4
                                    US$41,703 million (2024) (€38,811 million)
                                    CO2, N2O, PFCs, and additional coverage in certain industries
                                    Point Source
                                    Free allocation (Intensity-based), Auctioning
                                    None (Market stability reserve, no direct corridor)
                                    Not permitted
                                    Banking (no borrowing)
                                    20 MW
                                    ETS_EU2
                                    EU ETS2
                                    ETS
                                    Under consideration
                                    TBC
                                    Regional
                                    EU27+
                                    Europe & Central Asia
                                    Europe & Central Asia
                                      Tax_FI
                                      Finland carbon tax
                                      Carbon tax
                                      Implemented
                                      1990
                                      National
                                      Finland
                                      Europe & Central Asia
                                      High income
                                      US$67 (€62)
                                      0.387
                                      US$1,375 million (2024) (€1,280 million)
                                      CO2, CH4, N2O
                                      Upstream
                                      Set price
                                      Fixed price
                                      Not permitted
                                      Not applicable
                                      Tax_FR
                                      France carbon tax
                                      Carbon tax
                                      Implemented
                                      2014
                                      National
                                      France
                                      Europe & Central Asia
                                      High income
                                      US$48 (€45)
                                      0.41
                                      US$7,844 million (2024) (€7,300 million)
                                      CO2
                                      Upstream
                                      Set price
                                      The price is set by the Government
                                      Not permitted
                                      ETS_CN_Fujian
                                      Fujian pilot ETS
                                      ETS
                                      Implemented
                                      2016
                                      Subnational
                                      Fujian
                                      East Asia & Pacific
                                      Upper middle income
                                      US$5 (RMB34)
                                      0.161915754
                                      US$ million (2024) (RMB million)
                                      CO2
                                      Point Source
                                      Free allocation (Grandfathering), Free allocation (Intensity-based)
                                      None
                                      Yes, with quantitative limit
                                      Banking
                                      5000 tcoe
                                      ETS_GA
                                      Gabon ETS
                                      ETS
                                      Under consideration
                                      TBC
                                      National
                                      Gabon
                                      Sub-Saharan Africa
                                      Upper middle income
                                        ETS_GE
                                        Georgia ETS
                                        ETS
                                        Under consideration
                                        TBC
                                        National
                                        Georgia
                                        Europe & Central Asia
                                        Upper middle income
                                          ETS_DE
                                          Germany ETS
                                          ETS
                                          Implemented
                                          2021
                                          National
                                          Germany
                                          Europe & Central Asia
                                          High income
                                          US$49 (€45)
                                          0.39
                                          US$13,933 million (2024) (€12,967 million)
                                          CO2
                                          Upstream
                                          Set price
                                          Fixed price
                                          Not permitted
                                          None
                                          None
                                          Tax_MX_Guanajuato
                                          Guanajuato carbon tax
                                          Carbon Tax
                                          Implemented
                                          2023
                                          Subnational
                                          Guanajuato
                                          Latin America & Caribbean
                                          Upper middle income
                                          US$5 (MXN100)
                                          0
                                          US$2 million (2024) (MXN34 million)
                                          CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, other
                                          Point source
                                          Set price
                                          Exemption for the first 35 tCO2e emitted
                                          Less than 35 Tons CO2eq/year are tax exempted
                                          ETS_CN_Guangdong
                                          Guangdong pilot ETS
                                          ETS
                                          Implemented
                                          2013
                                          Subnational
                                          Guangdong (except Shenzhen)
                                          East Asia & Pacific
                                          Upper middle income
                                          US$5 (RMB39)
                                          0.123250739
                                          US$ million (2024) (RMB million)
                                          CO2
                                          Point Source
                                          Free allocation (Grandfathering), Free allocation (Intensity-based), Auctioning
                                          None
                                          Yes, with quantitative limit
                                          Banking
                                          10000 tCO2-e
                                          Tax_US_HI
                                          Hawaii carbon tax
                                          Carbon tax
                                          Under consideration
                                          TBC
                                          Subnational
                                          Hawaii
                                          North America
                                          High income
                                            ETS_CN_Hubei
                                            Hubei pilot ETS
                                            ETS
                                            Implemented
                                            2014
                                            Subnational
                                            Hubei
                                            East Asia & Pacific
                                            Upper middle income
                                            US$5 (RMB38)
                                            0.199076498
                                            US$ million (2024) (RMB million)
                                            CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, SF6, PFCs
                                            Point Source
                                            Free allocation (Grandfathering), Free allocation (Intensity-based), Auctioning
                                            None (ad-hoc auctions, market adjustment factor)
                                            Yes, with quantitative limit
                                            Banking
                                            13000 tCO2-e
                                            Tax_HU
                                            Hungary carbon tax
                                            Carbon tax
                                            Implemented
                                            2023
                                            National
                                            Hungary
                                            Europe & Central Asia
                                            High income
                                            US$39 (€36)
                                            0
                                            US$182 million (2024) (€170 million)
                                            CO2, N2O, HFCs, SF6, PFCs
                                            Point source
                                            Fixed price
                                            Not permitted
                                            None
                                            10,000tCO2e
                                            ETS_EU_IS
                                            EU ETS
                                            ETS
                                            Implemented
                                            0
                                            Regional
                                            Iceland
                                            Europe & Central Asia
                                            High income
                                            US$70 (€65)
                                            0.4
                                            US$41,703 million (2024) (€38,811 million)
                                            CO2, N2O, PFCs, and additional coverage in certain industries
                                              Point Source
                                              Free allocation (Intensity-based), Auctioning
                                              None (Market stability reserve, no direct corridor)
                                              Not permitted
                                              Banking (no borrowing)
                                              20 MW
                                              Tax_IS
                                              Iceland carbon tax
                                              Carbon tax
                                              Implemented
                                              2010
                                              National
                                              Iceland
                                              Europe & Central Asia
                                              High income
                                              US$60 (ISK8,000)
                                              0.36
                                              US$54 million (2024) (ISK7,515 million)
                                              CO2, HFCs, PFCs
                                              Upstream
                                              Set price
                                              Set price
                                              Not permitted
                                              None
                                              ETS_IN
                                              India ETS
                                              ETS
                                              Under development
                                              TBC
                                              National
                                              India
                                              South Asia
                                              Lower middle income
                                                Tax_ID
                                                Indonesia carbon tax
                                                Carbon tax
                                                Under consideration
                                                TBC
                                                National
                                                Indonesia
                                                East Asia & Pacific
                                                Upper middle income
                                                  ETS_ID
                                                  Indonesia ETS
                                                  ETS
                                                  Implemented
                                                  2023
                                                  National
                                                  Indonesia
                                                  East Asia & Pacific
                                                  Upper middle income
                                                  US$1 (IDR12,000)
                                                  0.2399
                                                  US$ million (2024) (IDR million)
                                                  CO2, CH4, N2O
                                                  Point Source
                                                  Free allocation (Intensity-based)
                                                  None
                                                  Yes, with quantitative limit
                                                  Banking
                                                  25 MW
                                                  Tax_IE
                                                  Ireland carbon tax
                                                  Carbon tax
                                                  Implemented
                                                  2010
                                                  National
                                                  Ireland
                                                  Europe & Central Asia
                                                  High income
                                                  US$69 (€64)
                                                  0.3
                                                  US$1,111 million (2024) (€1,034 million)
                                                  CO2
                                                  Upstream
                                                  Set price
                                                  Set price trajectory - Rates of carbon taxation are set by the Government and increases each year based on a pre-determined trajectory up to 2030.
                                                  Not permitted
                                                  None
                                                  Tax_IL
                                                  Israel carbon tax
                                                  Carbon tax
                                                  Implemented
                                                  2024
                                                  National
                                                  Israel
                                                  Middle East & North Africa
                                                  High income
                                                  US$2 (ILS6)
                                                  0.78
                                                  US$0 million (2024) (ILS0 million)
                                                  CO2
                                                  Upstream
                                                  Set price with exemptions mentioned above
                                                  Set price trajectory adjusted with inflation
                                                  Tax_MX_JA
                                                  Jalisco carbon tax
                                                  Carbon tax
                                                  Under consideration
                                                  TBC
                                                  Subnational
                                                  Jalisco
                                                  Latin America & Caribbean
                                                  Upper middle income
                                                    Tax_JP
                                                    Japan carbon tax
                                                    Carbon tax
                                                    Implemented
                                                    2012
                                                    National
                                                    Japan
                                                    East Asia & Pacific
                                                    High income
                                                    US$2 (JPY289)
                                                    0.8
                                                    US$1,452 million (2024) (JPY234,000 million)
                                                    CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, SF6, PFCs, Other
                                                    Upstream
                                                    Set price
                                                    Set price
                                                    Not permitted
                                                    None
                                                    ETS_JP
                                                    Japan ETS
                                                    ETS
                                                    Under consideration
                                                    TBC
                                                    National
                                                    Japan
                                                    East Asia & Pacific
                                                    High income
                                                      ETS_KZ
                                                      Kazakhstan ETS
                                                      ETS
                                                      Implemented
                                                      2013
                                                      National
                                                      Kazakhstan
                                                      Europe & Central Asia
                                                      Upper middle income
                                                      US$1 (KZT470)
                                                      0.43
                                                      US$ million (2024) (KZT million)
                                                      CO2
                                                      Point Source
                                                      Free allocation (Intensity-based)
                                                      None (auctions planned but not implemented)
                                                      Yes, unlimited
                                                      Banking (within phase)
                                                      20000 tCO2-e
                                                      Tax_KE
                                                      Kenya carbon tax
                                                      Carbon tax
                                                      Under consideration
                                                      TBC
                                                      National
                                                      Kenya
                                                      Sub-Saharan Africa
                                                      Lower middle income
                                                        ETS_KR
                                                        Korea ETS
                                                        ETS
                                                        Implemented
                                                        2015
                                                        National
                                                        Korea, Rep.
                                                        East Asia & Pacific
                                                        High income
                                                        US$6 (KRW9,490)
                                                        0.79
                                                        US$134 million (2024) (KRW185,859 million)
                                                        CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, SF6
                                                        Point Source
                                                        Free allocation (Intensity-based), Auctioning
                                                        None (market stabilization measures)
                                                        Yes, with quantitative limit
                                                        Banking (some constraints), no borrowing
                                                        25000 tCO2-e
                                                        Tax_LT
                                                        Latvia carbon Tax
                                                        Carbon tax
                                                        Implemented
                                                        2004
                                                        National
                                                        Latvia
                                                        Europe & Central Asia
                                                        High income
                                                        US$16 (€15)
                                                        0.02
                                                        US$8 million (2024) (€8 million)
                                                        CO2
                                                        Upstream
                                                        Set price
                                                        Set price
                                                        Not permitted
                                                        None
                                                        ETS_EU_LI
                                                        EU ETS
                                                        ETS
                                                        Implemented
                                                        0
                                                        National
                                                        Liechtenstein
                                                        Europe & Central Asia
                                                        High income
                                                        US$70 (€65)
                                                        0.4
                                                        US$41,703 million (2024) (€38,811 million)
                                                        CO2, N2O, PFCs, and additional coverage in certain industries
                                                          Point Source
                                                          Free allocation (Intensity-based), Auctioning
                                                          None (Market stability reserve, no direct corridor)
                                                          Not permitted
                                                          Banking (no borrowing)
                                                          20 MW
                                                          Tax_LI
                                                          Liechtenstein carbon tax
                                                          Carbon tax
                                                          Implemented
                                                          2008
                                                          National
                                                          Liechtenstein
                                                          Europe & Central Asia
                                                          High income
                                                          US$136 (Sfr120)
                                                          0.72
                                                          US$9 million (2024) (Sfr8 million)
                                                          CO2
                                                          Upstream
                                                          Set price
                                                          The price is set by the Government
                                                          Yes, with quantitative limits
                                                          None
                                                          Tax_LU
                                                          Luxembourg carbon tax
                                                          Carbon tax
                                                          Implemented
                                                          2021
                                                          National
                                                          Luxembourg
                                                          Europe & Central Asia
                                                          High income
                                                          US$59 (€54)
                                                          0.72
                                                          US$303 million (2024) (€282 million)
                                                          CO2
                                                          Upstream
                                                          Set price
                                                          Set price trajectory
                                                          Not permitted
                                                          ETS_MY
                                                          Malaysia ETS
                                                          ETS
                                                          Under consideration
                                                          TBC
                                                          National
                                                          Malaysia
                                                          East Asia & Pacific
                                                          Upper middle income
                                                            Tax_CA_Manitoba
                                                            Manitoba carbon tax
                                                            Carbon tax
                                                            Abolished
                                                            Subnational
                                                            Manitoba
                                                            North America
                                                            High income
                                                              ETS_CA_Manitoba
                                                              Manitoba ETS
                                                              ETS
                                                              Under consideration
                                                              TBC
                                                              Subnational
                                                              Manitoba
                                                              North America
                                                              High income
                                                                ETS_US_Maryland
                                                                Maryland ETS
                                                                ETS
                                                                Under consideration
                                                                TBC
                                                                Subnational
                                                                Maryland
                                                                North America
                                                                High income
                                                                  ETS_US_MA
                                                                  Massachusetts ETS
                                                                  ETS
                                                                  Implemented
                                                                  2018
                                                                  Subnational
                                                                  Massachusetts
                                                                  North America
                                                                  High income
                                                                  US$9 (US$9)
                                                                  0
                                                                  US$19 million (2024) (US$19 million)
                                                                  CO2
                                                                  Point Source
                                                                  Auctioning
                                                                  None (state-level quarterly auctions)
                                                                  Not permitted
                                                                  Banking (cap adjustments)
                                                                  25 MW
                                                                  ETS_US_TCIP
                                                                  TCI-P ETS
                                                                  ETS
                                                                  Under development
                                                                  TBC
                                                                  Subnational
                                                                  Massachusetts, Connecticut,
                                                                    Tax_MR
                                                                    Mauritania carbon tax
                                                                    Carbon tax
                                                                    Under consideration
                                                                    TBC
                                                                    National
                                                                    Mauritania
                                                                    Sub-Saharan Africa
                                                                    Lower middle income
                                                                      Tax_MX
                                                                      Mexico carbon tax
                                                                      Carbon tax
                                                                      Implemented
                                                                      2014
                                                                      National
                                                                      Mexico
                                                                      Latin America & Caribbean
                                                                      Upper middle income
                                                                      US$4 (MXN80)
                                                                      0.125
                                                                      US$411 million (2024) (MXN7,552 million)
                                                                      CO2
                                                                      Upstream
                                                                      Set price
                                                                      The price is set by the Government
                                                                      Yes, unlimited
                                                                      Equal or greater than 1 tonne CO2
                                                                      ETS_MX
                                                                      Mexico ETS
                                                                      ETS
                                                                      Implemented
                                                                      2020
                                                                      National
                                                                      Mexico
                                                                      Latin America & Caribbean
                                                                      Upper middle income
                                                                      US$0 (MXN0)
                                                                      0.36
                                                                      US$ million (2024) (MXN million)
                                                                      CO2
                                                                      Point Source
                                                                      Free allocation (Grandfathering)
                                                                      None
                                                                      Yes, with quantitative limit
                                                                      Banking restricted (pilot?operational)
                                                                      100000 tCO2-e
                                                                      Tax_MX_MC
                                                                      Mexico City carbon tax
                                                                      Carbon tax
                                                                      Implemented
                                                                      2025
                                                                      Subnational
                                                                      Mexico City
                                                                      Latin America & Caribbean
                                                                      Upper middle income
                                                                      US$3 (MXN58)
                                                                      0
                                                                      US$0 million (2024) (MXN0 million)
                                                                      CO2, CH4, and N2O
                                                                      Point source
                                                                      Set price
                                                                      Introductory set price
                                                                      Not permitted
                                                                      Equal or greater than 1 ton CO2eq/month
                                                                      ETS_MD
                                                                      Moldova ETS
                                                                      ETS
                                                                      Under consideration
                                                                      TBC
                                                                      National
                                                                      Moldova
                                                                      Europe & Central Asia
                                                                      Upper middle income
                                                                        ETS_MO
                                                                        Montenegro ETS
                                                                        ETS
                                                                        Implemented
                                                                        2022
                                                                        National
                                                                        Montenegro
                                                                        Europe & Central Asia
                                                                        Upper middle income
                                                                        US$26 (€24)
                                                                        0.43
                                                                        US$14 million (2024) (€13 million)
                                                                        CO2
                                                                        Point Source
                                                                        Free allocation (Grandfathering), Free allocation (Fixed Benchmarking), Auctioning
                                                                        None (about 19% auctions, min price around EUR 24)
                                                                        Not permitted
                                                                        Banking
                                                                        No data threshold
                                                                        Tax_MX_MO
                                                                        Morelos carbon tax
                                                                        Carbon tax
                                                                        Implemented
                                                                        2025
                                                                        Subnational
                                                                        Morelos
                                                                        Latin America & Caribbean
                                                                        Upper middle income
                                                                        US$12 (MXN250)
                                                                        0
                                                                        US$0 million (2024) (MXN0 million)
                                                                        CH4, N2O, HFCs, SF6, PFCs
                                                                        Point source
                                                                        Set price
                                                                        Introductory set price
                                                                        Equal or greater than 1 tonneCO2eq/month
                                                                        Tax_MA
                                                                        Morocco carbon tax
                                                                        Carbon tax
                                                                        Under consideration
                                                                        TBC
                                                                        National
                                                                        Morocco
                                                                        Middle East & North Africa
                                                                        Lower middle income
                                                                          Tax_NL
                                                                          Netherlands carbon tax
                                                                          Carbon tax
                                                                          Implemented
                                                                          2021
                                                                          National
                                                                          Netherlands
                                                                          Europe & Central Asia
                                                                          High income
                                                                          US$95 (€88)
                                                                          0.01
                                                                          US$0 million (2024) (€0 million)
                                                                          CO2, N2O
                                                                          Point source
                                                                          Set price
                                                                          Set price trajectory
                                                                          Not permitted
                                                                          Matches EU ETS coverage threshold
                                                                          Tax_CA_NB
                                                                          New Brunswick carbon tax
                                                                          Carbon tax
                                                                          Abolished
                                                                          2020
                                                                          2023
                                                                          Subnational
                                                                          New Brunswick
                                                                          North America
                                                                          High income
                                                                            ETS_CA_NB
                                                                            New Brunswick OBPS
                                                                            ETS
                                                                            Implemented
                                                                            2021
                                                                            Subnational
                                                                            New Brunswick
                                                                            North America
                                                                            High income
                                                                            US$66 (CAN$95)
                                                                            0.54
                                                                            US$0 million (2024) (CAN$0 million)
                                                                            CO2, CH4, N2O, SF6, HFCs, PFCs
                                                                            Point Source
                                                                            Free allocation (Intensity-based)
                                                                            None (set carbon price path)
                                                                            Not permitted
                                                                            Banking
                                                                            50000 tCO2-e
                                                                            ETS_US_NY
                                                                            New York State ETS
                                                                            ETS
                                                                            Under consideration
                                                                            TBC
                                                                            Subnational
                                                                            New York State
                                                                            North America
                                                                            High income
                                                                              Tax_NZ
                                                                              New Zealand carbon tax
                                                                              Carbon tax
                                                                              Under consideration
                                                                              TBC
                                                                              National
                                                                              New Zealand
                                                                              East Asia & Pacific
                                                                              High income
                                                                                ETS_NZ
                                                                                New Zealand ETS
                                                                                ETS
                                                                                Implemented
                                                                                2008
                                                                                National
                                                                                New Zealand
                                                                                East Asia & Pacific
                                                                                High income
                                                                                US$32 (NZ$56)
                                                                                0.44
                                                                                US$293 million (2024) (NZ$481 million)
                                                                                CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, SF6, PFCs
                                                                                Upstream + point source
                                                                                Free allocation (Intensity-based), Auctioning
                                                                                Auction floor + cost containment reserve
                                                                                No
                                                                                Banking
                                                                                None
                                                                                Tax_CA_NL
                                                                                Newfoundland and Labrador carbon tax
                                                                                Carbon tax
                                                                                Abolished
                                                                                2019
                                                                                2023
                                                                                Subnational
                                                                                Newfoundland and Labrador
                                                                                North America
                                                                                High income
                                                                                  ETS_CA_NL
                                                                                  Newfoundland and Labrador PSS
                                                                                  ETS
                                                                                  Implemented
                                                                                  2019
                                                                                  Subnational
                                                                                  Newfoundland and Labrador
                                                                                  North America
                                                                                  High income
                                                                                  US$66 (CAN$95)
                                                                                  0.36
                                                                                  US$0 million (2024) (CAN$1 million)
                                                                                  CO2, CH4, N2O, SF6, HFCs, PFCs
                                                                                  Point Source
                                                                                  Free allocation (Intensity-based)
                                                                                  None (set carbon price path)
                                                                                  Not permitted
                                                                                  Banking
                                                                                  25000 tCO2-e
                                                                                  ETS_NG
                                                                                  Nigeria ETS
                                                                                  ETS
                                                                                  Under consideration
                                                                                  TBC
                                                                                  National
                                                                                  Nigeria
                                                                                  Sub-Saharan Africa
                                                                                  Lower middle income
                                                                                    ETS_MK
                                                                                    North Macedonia ETS
                                                                                    ETS
                                                                                    Under consideration
                                                                                    TBC
                                                                                    National
                                                                                    North Macedonia
                                                                                    Europe & Central Asia
                                                                                    Upper middle income
                                                                                      Tax_CA_NT
                                                                                      Northwest Territories carbon tax
                                                                                      Carbon tax
                                                                                      Abolished
                                                                                      2019
                                                                                      2025
                                                                                      Subnational
                                                                                      Northwest Territories
                                                                                      North America
                                                                                      High income
                                                                                      ETS_EU_NO
                                                                                      EU ETS
                                                                                      ETS
                                                                                      Implemented
                                                                                      0
                                                                                      Regional
                                                                                      Norway
                                                                                      Europe & Central Asia
                                                                                      High income
                                                                                      US$70 (€65)
                                                                                      0.4
                                                                                      US$41,703 million (2024) (€38,811 million)
                                                                                      CO2, N2O, PFCs, and additional coverage in certain industries
                                                                                        Point Source
                                                                                        Free allocation (Intensity-based), Auctioning
                                                                                        None (Market stability reserve, no direct corridor)
                                                                                        Not permitted
                                                                                        Banking (no borrowing)
                                                                                        20 MW
                                                                                        Tax_NO
                                                                                        Norway carbon tax
                                                                                        Carbon tax
                                                                                        Implemented
                                                                                        1991
                                                                                        National
                                                                                        Norway
                                                                                        Europe & Central Asia
                                                                                        High income
                                                                                        US$134 (NOK1,405)
                                                                                        0.41
                                                                                        US$1,605 million (2024) (NOK17,080 million)
                                                                                        CO2, N2O, CH4, HFCs, PFCs, SF6
                                                                                        Upstream
                                                                                        Set price
                                                                                        The price is set yearly by the Norwegian Parliament. The government has also announced a plan to increase prices towards 2030.
                                                                                        Not permitted
                                                                                        None
                                                                                        Not Available
                                                                                        ETS_CA_NS
                                                                                        Nova Scotia OBPS
                                                                                        ETS
                                                                                        Implemented
                                                                                        2019
                                                                                        Subnational
                                                                                        Nova Scotia
                                                                                        North America
                                                                                        High income
                                                                                        US$66 (CAN$95)
                                                                                        0.36
                                                                                        US$13 million (2024) (CAN$18 million)
                                                                                        CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, SF6, PFCs, NF3
                                                                                        Point Source
                                                                                        Free allocation (Intensity-based)
                                                                                        None (set carbon price path)
                                                                                        Not permitted
                                                                                        Banking
                                                                                        50000 tCO2-e
                                                                                        ETS_CA_Ontario
                                                                                        Ontario CaT
                                                                                        ETS
                                                                                        Abolished
                                                                                        2017
                                                                                        2019
                                                                                        Subnational
                                                                                        Ontario
                                                                                        North America
                                                                                        High income
                                                                                          ETS_CA_Ontario2
                                                                                          Ontario EPS
                                                                                          ETS
                                                                                          Implemented
                                                                                          2022
                                                                                          Subnational
                                                                                          Ontario
                                                                                          North America
                                                                                          High income
                                                                                          US$66 (CAN$95)
                                                                                          0.26
                                                                                          US$0 million (2024) (CAN$0 million)
                                                                                          CO2, CH4, N2O, SF6, HFCs, PFCs, NF3
                                                                                          Point Source
                                                                                          Free allocation (Intensity-based)
                                                                                          None (set carbon price path)
                                                                                          Not permitted
                                                                                          Banking (EPUs valid 5 yrs)
                                                                                          50000 tCO2-e
                                                                                          ETS_US_Oregon
                                                                                          Oregon ETS
                                                                                          ETS
                                                                                          Implemented
                                                                                          2021
                                                                                          Subnational
                                                                                          Oregon
                                                                                          North America
                                                                                          High income
                                                                                          US$ (US$0)
                                                                                          0.48
                                                                                          US$0 million (2024) (US$ million)
                                                                                          CO2, CH4, N2O, SF6, HFCs, PFCs, NF3
                                                                                          Mixed (upstream fuels + point sources)
                                                                                          Free allocation (some from second compliance), Auctioning
                                                                                          Auction floor + cost containment, plus “Community Climate Investment” credits
                                                                                          Yes, with quantitative limit
                                                                                          Banking, no borrowing
                                                                                          No single numeric threshold is uniform
                                                                                          ETS_PK
                                                                                          Pakistan ETS
                                                                                          ETS
                                                                                          Under consideration
                                                                                          TBC
                                                                                          National
                                                                                          Pakistan
                                                                                          South Asia
                                                                                          Lower middle income
                                                                                            Tax_PY
                                                                                            Paraguay carbon tax
                                                                                            Carbon tax
                                                                                            Under consideration
                                                                                            TBC
                                                                                            National
                                                                                            Paraguay
                                                                                            Latin America & Caribbean
                                                                                            Upper middle income
                                                                                              ETS_US_PE
                                                                                              Pennsylvania ETS
                                                                                              ETS
                                                                                              Under consideration
                                                                                              TBC
                                                                                              Subnational
                                                                                              Pennsylvania
                                                                                              North America
                                                                                              High income
                                                                                                ETS_PH
                                                                                                Philippines Undecided
                                                                                                ETS
                                                                                                Under development
                                                                                                TBC
                                                                                                National
                                                                                                Philippines
                                                                                                East Asia & Pacific
                                                                                                Lower middle income
                                                                                                  Tax_PL
                                                                                                  Poland carbon tax
                                                                                                  Carbon tax
                                                                                                  Implemented
                                                                                                  1990
                                                                                                  National
                                                                                                  Poland
                                                                                                  Europe & Central Asia
                                                                                                  High income
                                                                                                  US$0 (PLZ0)
                                                                                                  0.24
                                                                                                  US$7 million (2024) (PLZ27 million)
                                                                                                  CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, SF6, PFCs, Other
                                                                                                  Point source
                                                                                                  Set price
                                                                                                  Not permitted
                                                                                                  PLN800
                                                                                                  Tax_PT
                                                                                                  Portugal carbon tax
                                                                                                  Carbon tax
                                                                                                  Implemented
                                                                                                  2015
                                                                                                  National
                                                                                                  Portugal
                                                                                                  Europe & Central Asia
                                                                                                  High income
                                                                                                  US$73 (€67)
                                                                                                  0.4
                                                                                                  US$1,270 million (2024) (€1,182 million)
                                                                                                  CO2
                                                                                                    Upstream
                                                                                                    Set price, Rebates
                                                                                                    Not permitted
                                                                                                    Nil
                                                                                                    Tax_CA_PE
                                                                                                    Prince Edward Island carbon tax
                                                                                                    Carbon tax
                                                                                                    Abolished
                                                                                                    2019
                                                                                                    2025
                                                                                                    Subnational
                                                                                                    Prince Edward Island
                                                                                                    North America
                                                                                                    High income
                                                                                                      ETS_CA_Quebec
                                                                                                      Quebec CaT
                                                                                                      ETS
                                                                                                      Implemented
                                                                                                      2013
                                                                                                      Subnational
                                                                                                      Quebec
                                                                                                      North America
                                                                                                      High income
                                                                                                      US$42 (US$42)
                                                                                                      0.757
                                                                                                      US$1,055 million (2024) (CAN$1,444 million)
                                                                                                      CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, SF6, NF3
                                                                                                      Mixed (point source + upstream fuels + electricity)
                                                                                                      Free allocation (Intensity-based), Auctioning
                                                                                                      Price floor, Market stability reserve
                                                                                                      Yes, with quantitative limit
                                                                                                      Banking (no borrowing)
                                                                                                      25000 tCO2-e
                                                                                                      Tax_MX_Queretaro
                                                                                                      Queretaro carbon tax
                                                                                                      Carbon tax
                                                                                                      Implemented
                                                                                                      2022
                                                                                                      Subnational
                                                                                                      Queretaro
                                                                                                      Latin America & Caribbean
                                                                                                      Upper middle income
                                                                                                      US$33 (MXN668)
                                                                                                      0
                                                                                                      US$15 million (2024) (MXN282 million)
                                                                                                      CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, SF6, PFCs, Other
                                                                                                      Point source
                                                                                                      Set price
                                                                                                      Set price
                                                                                                      Yes, with quantitative limits
                                                                                                      Equal or greater than 1 tCO2eq
                                                                                                      ETS_RGGI
                                                                                                      RGGI
                                                                                                      ETS
                                                                                                      Implemented
                                                                                                      2009
                                                                                                      Subnational
                                                                                                      RGGI
                                                                                                      North America
                                                                                                      High income
                                                                                                      US$23 (US$23)
                                                                                                      0.14
                                                                                                      US$1,456 million (2024) (US$1,456 million)
                                                                                                      CO2
                                                                                                      Point Source
                                                                                                      Auctioning
                                                                                                      Price floor, Emissions containment reserve, Cost containment reserve
                                                                                                      Yes, with quantitative limit
                                                                                                      Banking, no borrowing
                                                                                                      25 MW
                                                                                                      ETS_JP_Saitama
                                                                                                      Saitama ETS
                                                                                                      ETS
                                                                                                      Implemented
                                                                                                      2011
                                                                                                      Subnational
                                                                                                      Saitama
                                                                                                      East Asia & Pacific
                                                                                                      High income
                                                                                                      US$1 (JPY144)
                                                                                                      0
                                                                                                      US$ million (2024) (JPY million)
                                                                                                      CO2
                                                                                                      Downstream
                                                                                                      Free allocation (Grandfathering)
                                                                                                      None (no corridor). Baseline approach with compliance factors
                                                                                                      Yes, with partial limit
                                                                                                      Banking
                                                                                                      1500 kL
                                                                                                      ETS_RU_Sakhalin
                                                                                                      Sakhalin ETS
                                                                                                      ETS
                                                                                                      Under consideration
                                                                                                      Subnational
                                                                                                      Sakhalin
                                                                                                      Europe & Central Asia
                                                                                                      High income
                                                                                                        Tax_MX_SLP
                                                                                                        San Luis Potosí carbon tax
                                                                                                        Carbon tax
                                                                                                        Implemented
                                                                                                        2024
                                                                                                        Subnational
                                                                                                        San Luis Potosí
                                                                                                        Latin America & Caribbean
                                                                                                        Upper middle income
                                                                                                        US$17 (MXN339)
                                                                                                        0
                                                                                                        US$1 million (2024) (MXN20 million)
                                                                                                        CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, and Black Carbon
                                                                                                        Point source
                                                                                                        Set price
                                                                                                        Set price
                                                                                                        The tax is collected from the 1st ton emitted
                                                                                                        ETS_BR_SaoPaulo
                                                                                                        Sao Paolo ETS
                                                                                                        ETS
                                                                                                        Under consideration
                                                                                                        TBC
                                                                                                        Subnational
                                                                                                        Sao Paolo
                                                                                                        Latin America & Caribbean
                                                                                                        Upper middle income
                                                                                                          ETS_CA_SK
                                                                                                          Saskatchewan OBPS
                                                                                                          ETS
                                                                                                          Abolished
                                                                                                          2019
                                                                                                          2025
                                                                                                          Subnational
                                                                                                          Saskatchewan
                                                                                                          North America
                                                                                                          High income
                                                                                                            Tax_SN
                                                                                                            Senegal carbon tax
                                                                                                            Carbon tax
                                                                                                            Under consideration
                                                                                                            TBC
                                                                                                            National
                                                                                                            Senegal
                                                                                                            Sub-Saharan Africa
                                                                                                            Lower middle income
                                                                                                              ETS_RS
                                                                                                              Serbia ETS
                                                                                                              ETS
                                                                                                              Under consideration
                                                                                                              TBC
                                                                                                              National
                                                                                                              Serbia
                                                                                                              Europe & Central Asia
                                                                                                              Upper middle income
                                                                                                                ETS_CN_Shandong
                                                                                                                Shandong ETS
                                                                                                                ETS
                                                                                                                Abolished
                                                                                                                2014
                                                                                                                2021
                                                                                                                Subnational
                                                                                                                Shandong
                                                                                                                East Asia & Pacific
                                                                                                                Upper middle income
                                                                                                                  ETS_CN_Shanghai
                                                                                                                  Shanghai pilot ETS
                                                                                                                  ETS
                                                                                                                  Implemented
                                                                                                                  2013
                                                                                                                  Subnational
                                                                                                                  Shanghai
                                                                                                                  East Asia & Pacific
                                                                                                                  Upper middle income
                                                                                                                  US$11 (RMB78)
                                                                                                                  0.206221138
                                                                                                                  US$13 million (2024) (RMB96 million)
                                                                                                                  CO2
                                                                                                                  Point Source
                                                                                                                  Free allocation (Grandfathering), Free allocation (Intensity-based), Auctioning
                                                                                                                  None (some auctions)
                                                                                                                  Yes, with quantitative limit
                                                                                                                  Banking
                                                                                                                  20000 tCO2-e
                                                                                                                  ETS_CN_Shenyang
                                                                                                                  Shenyang ETS
                                                                                                                  Removed
                                                                                                                  Shenyang
                                                                                                                  East Asia & Pacific
                                                                                                                  Upper middle income
                                                                                                                    ETS_CN_Shenzhen
                                                                                                                    Shenzhen pilot ETS
                                                                                                                    ETS
                                                                                                                    Implemented
                                                                                                                    2013
                                                                                                                    Subnational
                                                                                                                    Shenzhen
                                                                                                                    East Asia & Pacific
                                                                                                                    Upper middle income
                                                                                                                    US$7 (RMB47)
                                                                                                                    0.37238346
                                                                                                                    US$ million (2024) (RMB million)
                                                                                                                    CO2
                                                                                                                    Downstream
                                                                                                                    Free allocation (Grandfathering), Free allocation (Intensity-based)
                                                                                                                    None (two auctions historically)
                                                                                                                    Yes, with quantitative limit
                                                                                                                    Banking (no borrowing)
                                                                                                                    3000 tCO2-e
                                                                                                                    Tax_SG
                                                                                                                    Singapore carbon tax
                                                                                                                    Carbon tax
                                                                                                                    Implemented
                                                                                                                    2019
                                                                                                                    National
                                                                                                                    Singapore
                                                                                                                    East Asia & Pacific
                                                                                                                    High income
                                                                                                                    US$19 (S$25)
                                                                                                                    0.71
                                                                                                                    US$150 million (2024) (S$204 million)
                                                                                                                    CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, SF6, PFCs, NF3
                                                                                                                    Point source
                                                                                                                    Auctioned at fixed price, with free allocation (intensity-based) for EITE sectors.
                                                                                                                    Set price trajectory
                                                                                                                    Yes, with quantitative limits
                                                                                                                    Not applicable
                                                                                                                    25000 tCO2e
                                                                                                                    Tax_SL
                                                                                                                    Slovenia carbon tax
                                                                                                                    Carbon tax
                                                                                                                    Implemented
                                                                                                                    2023
                                                                                                                    National
                                                                                                                    Slovenia
                                                                                                                    Europe & Central Asia
                                                                                                                    High income
                                                                                                                    US$33 (€31)
                                                                                                                    0.46
                                                                                                                    US$173 million (2024) (€161 million)
                                                                                                                    CO2
                                                                                                                    Midstream
                                                                                                                    Set price
                                                                                                                    Fixed price
                                                                                                                    unit of pollution
                                                                                                                    Tax_ZA
                                                                                                                    South Africa carbon tax
                                                                                                                    Carbon tax
                                                                                                                    Implemented
                                                                                                                    2019
                                                                                                                    National
                                                                                                                    South Africa
                                                                                                                    Sub-Saharan Africa
                                                                                                                    Upper middle income
                                                                                                                    US$13 (R236)
                                                                                                                    0.82
                                                                                                                    US$92 million (2024) (R1,689 million)
                                                                                                                    CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, SF6, PFCs
                                                                                                                    Point source
                                                                                                                    Set price
                                                                                                                    Set price trajectory. The Carbon Tax rate trajectory is set out in the 2022 Taxation Laws Amendment Act
                                                                                                                    Yes, with quantitative limits
                                                                                                                    none
                                                                                                                    10MW(th) capacity for fuel combustion emissions from electricity and heat generation. (see 2020 Tax Laws Amendment Act for thresholds applicable to activities)
                                                                                                                    Tax_ES
                                                                                                                    Spain carbon tax
                                                                                                                    Carbon tax
                                                                                                                    Implemented
                                                                                                                    2014
                                                                                                                    National
                                                                                                                    Spain
                                                                                                                    Europe & Central Asia
                                                                                                                    High income
                                                                                                                    US$16 (€15)
                                                                                                                    0.02
                                                                                                                    US$118 million (2024) (€110 million)
                                                                                                                    HFCs, PFCs, SF6
                                                                                                                    Upstream
                                                                                                                    Set price
                                                                                                                    Formula-based price based on the multiplication of 0,015 coefficient and fluorinate’s GWP. General rate of EUR 15/tCO2e, price floor or minimum rate of EUR 4,39/tCO2 for a few high GWP fluorinates (EUR100/kg fluorinate cap or price ceiling applies)
                                                                                                                    Not permitted
                                                                                                                    None
                                                                                                                    No
                                                                                                                    Tax_MX_SoMexico
                                                                                                                    State of Mexico carbon tax
                                                                                                                    Carbon tax
                                                                                                                    Implemented
                                                                                                                    2022
                                                                                                                    Subnational
                                                                                                                    State of Mexico
                                                                                                                    Latin America & Caribbean
                                                                                                                    Upper middle income
                                                                                                                    US$3 (MXN58)
                                                                                                                    0
                                                                                                                    US$14 million (2024) (MXN252 million)
                                                                                                                    CO2, CH4, N2O
                                                                                                                    Point source
                                                                                                                    Set price
                                                                                                                    Introductory set price
                                                                                                                    Yes, with quantitative limits
                                                                                                                    Applies to natural and fixed sources of emissions (carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide gases) that sum 1 ton of CO2e per month.
                                                                                                                    Tax_SE
                                                                                                                    Sweden carbon tax
                                                                                                                    Carbon tax
                                                                                                                    Implemented
                                                                                                                    1991
                                                                                                                    National
                                                                                                                    Sweden
                                                                                                                    Europe & Central Asia
                                                                                                                    High income
                                                                                                                    US$145 (SEK1,450)
                                                                                                                    0.4
                                                                                                                    US$2,306 million (2024) (SEK24,400 million)
                                                                                                                    CO2
                                                                                                                    Upstream
                                                                                                                    Set price
                                                                                                                    The price is set by the Government
                                                                                                                    Not permitted
                                                                                                                    None
                                                                                                                    Tax_CH
                                                                                                                    Switzerland carbon tax
                                                                                                                    Carbon tax
                                                                                                                    Implemented
                                                                                                                    2008
                                                                                                                    National
                                                                                                                    Switzerland
                                                                                                                    Europe & Central Asia
                                                                                                                    High income
                                                                                                                    US$136 (Sfr120)
                                                                                                                    0.35
                                                                                                                    US$1,426 million (2024) (Sfr1,285 million)
                                                                                                                    CO2
                                                                                                                    Upstream
                                                                                                                    Set price, Rebates
                                                                                                                    The price is set by the Government
                                                                                                                    Yes, with quantitative limits
                                                                                                                    ETS_CH
                                                                                                                    Switzerland ETS
                                                                                                                    ETS
                                                                                                                    Implemented
                                                                                                                    2008
                                                                                                                    National
                                                                                                                    Switzerland
                                                                                                                    Europe & Central Asia
                                                                                                                    High income
                                                                                                                    US$65 (€60)
                                                                                                                    0.13
                                                                                                                    US$50 million (2024) (Sfr45 million)
                                                                                                                    CO2, N2O, CH4, HFCs, PFCs, SF6, NF3
                                                                                                                    Point Source, Aviation
                                                                                                                    Free allocation (Intensity-based), Auctioning
                                                                                                                    None (linked with EU ETS, no offsets)
                                                                                                                    Not permitted
                                                                                                                    Banking (aligned with EU), no borrowing
                                                                                                                    EU-like thresholds
                                                                                                                    Tax_CN_Taiwan
                                                                                                                    Taiwan carbon fee
                                                                                                                    Carbon tax
                                                                                                                    Implemented
                                                                                                                    2024
                                                                                                                    Subnational
                                                                                                                    Taiwan, China
                                                                                                                    East Asia & Pacific
                                                                                                                    High income
                                                                                                                    US$9 (RMB66)
                                                                                                                    0.54
                                                                                                                    US$0 million (2024) (RMB0 million)
                                                                                                                    CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, SF6, NF3
                                                                                                                    Point source/Downstream
                                                                                                                    Set price
                                                                                                                    Yes, with quantitative limits
                                                                                                                    25000 tCO2e
                                                                                                                    ETS_CN_Taiwan
                                                                                                                    Taiwan, China ETS
                                                                                                                    ETS
                                                                                                                    Under consideration
                                                                                                                    TBC
                                                                                                                    Subnational
                                                                                                                    Taiwan, China
                                                                                                                    East Asia & Pacific
                                                                                                                    High income
                                                                                                                      Tax_MX_TA
                                                                                                                      Tamaulipas carbon tax
                                                                                                                      Carbon tax
                                                                                                                      Implemented
                                                                                                                      2022
                                                                                                                      Subnational
                                                                                                                      Tamaulipas
                                                                                                                      Latin America & Caribbean
                                                                                                                      Upper middle income
                                                                                                                      US$17 (MXN339)
                                                                                                                      0
                                                                                                                      US$82 million (2024) (MXN1,512 million)
                                                                                                                      CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, SF6, PFCs
                                                                                                                      Point source
                                                                                                                      Set price
                                                                                                                      Fixed price
                                                                                                                      Yes, with quantitative limits
                                                                                                                      Any facility that emits more than 25,000 tCO2e is subject to the tax
                                                                                                                      Tax_TH
                                                                                                                      Thailand carbon tax
                                                                                                                      Carbon tax
                                                                                                                      Under consideration
                                                                                                                      TBC
                                                                                                                      National
                                                                                                                      Thailand
                                                                                                                      East Asia & Pacific
                                                                                                                      Upper middle income
                                                                                                                        ETS_TH
                                                                                                                        Thailand ETS
                                                                                                                        ETS
                                                                                                                        Under consideration
                                                                                                                        TBC
                                                                                                                        National
                                                                                                                        Thailand
                                                                                                                        East Asia & Pacific
                                                                                                                        Upper middle income
                                                                                                                          ETS_CN_Tianjin
                                                                                                                          Tianjin pilot ETS
                                                                                                                          ETS
                                                                                                                          Implemented
                                                                                                                          2013
                                                                                                                          Subnational
                                                                                                                          Tianjin
                                                                                                                          East Asia & Pacific
                                                                                                                          Upper middle income
                                                                                                                          US$5 (RMB39)
                                                                                                                          0.182942786
                                                                                                                          US$ million (2024) (RMB million)
                                                                                                                          CO2
                                                                                                                          Point Source
                                                                                                                          Free allocation (Grandfathering), Free allocation (Intensity-based), Auctioning
                                                                                                                          None (ad-hoc auctions)
                                                                                                                          Yes, with quantitative limit
                                                                                                                          Banking, no borrowing
                                                                                                                          20000 tCO2-e
                                                                                                                          ETS_JP_Tokyo
                                                                                                                          Tokyo CaT
                                                                                                                          ETS
                                                                                                                          Implemented
                                                                                                                          2010
                                                                                                                          Subnational
                                                                                                                          Tokyo
                                                                                                                          East Asia & Pacific
                                                                                                                          High income
                                                                                                                          US$4 (JPY600)
                                                                                                                          0
                                                                                                                          US$ million (2024) (JPY million)
                                                                                                                          CO2
                                                                                                                          Downstream
                                                                                                                          Free allocation (Grandfathering)
                                                                                                                          None (baseline approach, no corridor)
                                                                                                                          Yes, with partial limit
                                                                                                                          Banking
                                                                                                                          1500 kL
                                                                                                                          ETS_TR
                                                                                                                          Türkiye ETS
                                                                                                                          ETS
                                                                                                                          Under consideration
                                                                                                                          TBC
                                                                                                                          National
                                                                                                                          Türkiye
                                                                                                                          Europe & Central Asia
                                                                                                                          Upper middle income
                                                                                                                            Tax_UA
                                                                                                                            Ukraine carbon tax
                                                                                                                            Carbon tax
                                                                                                                            Implemented
                                                                                                                            2011
                                                                                                                            National
                                                                                                                            Ukraine
                                                                                                                            Europe & Central Asia
                                                                                                                            Upper middle income
                                                                                                                            US$1 (UAH30)
                                                                                                                            0.32
                                                                                                                            US$80 million (2024) (UAH3,300 million)
                                                                                                                            CO2
                                                                                                                            Point source
                                                                                                                            Set price
                                                                                                                            Set price
                                                                                                                            Not permitted
                                                                                                                            None
                                                                                                                            500 tCO2
                                                                                                                            ETS_UA
                                                                                                                            Ukraine ETS
                                                                                                                            ETS
                                                                                                                            Under consideration
                                                                                                                            TBC
                                                                                                                            National
                                                                                                                            Ukraine
                                                                                                                            Europe & Central Asia
                                                                                                                            Upper middle income
                                                                                                                              Tax_UK
                                                                                                                              UK Carbon Price Support
                                                                                                                              Carbon tax
                                                                                                                              Implemented
                                                                                                                              2013
                                                                                                                              National
                                                                                                                              United Kingdom
                                                                                                                              Europe & Central Asia
                                                                                                                              High income
                                                                                                                              US$23 (£18)
                                                                                                                              0
                                                                                                                              US$872 million (2024) (£688 million)
                                                                                                                              CO2
                                                                                                                              Upstream
                                                                                                                              Set price
                                                                                                                              Not permitted
                                                                                                                              None
                                                                                                                              ETS_UK
                                                                                                                              UK ETS
                                                                                                                              ETS
                                                                                                                              Implemented
                                                                                                                              2021
                                                                                                                              National
                                                                                                                              United Kingdom
                                                                                                                              Europe & Central Asia
                                                                                                                              High income
                                                                                                                              US$57 (£44)
                                                                                                                              0.27
                                                                                                                              US$3,250 million (2024) (£2,564 million)
                                                                                                                              CO2, N2O, PFCs
                                                                                                                              Point Source, Aviation
                                                                                                                              Free allocation (Intensity-based), Auctioning
                                                                                                                              Auction with floor (GBP22), cost containment mechanism
                                                                                                                              Not permitted
                                                                                                                              Banking (limited overdraw)
                                                                                                                              20 MW
                                                                                                                              Tax_UY
                                                                                                                              Uruguay CO2 tax
                                                                                                                              Carbon tax
                                                                                                                              Implemented
                                                                                                                              2022
                                                                                                                              National
                                                                                                                              Uruguay
                                                                                                                              Latin America & Caribbean
                                                                                                                              High income
                                                                                                                              US$159 (YUY6,704)
                                                                                                                              0.05
                                                                                                                              US$302 million (2024) (YUY12,078 million)
                                                                                                                              CO2
                                                                                                                              Upstream
                                                                                                                              Set price
                                                                                                                              Not permitted
                                                                                                                              ETS_VN
                                                                                                                              Viet Nam ETS
                                                                                                                              ETS
                                                                                                                              Under development
                                                                                                                              TBC
                                                                                                                              National
                                                                                                                              Viet Nam
                                                                                                                              East Asia & Pacific
                                                                                                                              Lower middle income
                                                                                                                                ETS_US_VA
                                                                                                                                Virginia ETS
                                                                                                                                ETS
                                                                                                                                Under consideration
                                                                                                                                TBC
                                                                                                                                Subnational
                                                                                                                                Virginia
                                                                                                                                North America
                                                                                                                                High income
                                                                                                                                  ETS_US_Washington
                                                                                                                                  Washington CCA
                                                                                                                                  ETS
                                                                                                                                  Implemented
                                                                                                                                  2023
                                                                                                                                  Subnational
                                                                                                                                  Washington
                                                                                                                                  North America
                                                                                                                                  High income
                                                                                                                                  US$50 (US$50)
                                                                                                                                  0.71
                                                                                                                                  US$811 million (2024) (US$811 million)
                                                                                                                                  CO2, CH4, N2O, SF6, HFCs, PFCs, NF3, others
                                                                                                                                  Mixed (upstream fuels, point sources)
                                                                                                                                  Free allocation (Grandfathering, Benchmark), Auctioning
                                                                                                                                  Price floor, cost containment reserve
                                                                                                                                  Yes, with quantitative limit
                                                                                                                                  Banking (holding limits), no borrowing
                                                                                                                                  25000 tCO2-e
                                                                                                                                  Tax_MX_Yucatan
                                                                                                                                  Yucatan carbon tax
                                                                                                                                  Carbon tax
                                                                                                                                  Implemented
                                                                                                                                  2022
                                                                                                                                  Subnational
                                                                                                                                  Yucatan
                                                                                                                                  Latin America & Caribbean
                                                                                                                                  Upper middle income
                                                                                                                                  US$15 (MXN305)
                                                                                                                                  0
                                                                                                                                  US$6 million (2024) (MXN117 million)
                                                                                                                                  CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, SF6, PFCs
                                                                                                                                  Point source
                                                                                                                                  Set price
                                                                                                                                  Fixed price
                                                                                                                                  Yes, with quantitative limits
                                                                                                                                  Equal or greater than 1 tonne CO2eq
                                                                                                                                  Tax_MX_ZA
                                                                                                                                  Zacatecas carbon tax
                                                                                                                                  Carbon tax
                                                                                                                                  Implemented
                                                                                                                                  2017
                                                                                                                                  Subnational
                                                                                                                                  Zacatecas
                                                                                                                                  Latin America & Caribbean
                                                                                                                                  Upper middle income
                                                                                                                                  US$12 (MXN250)
                                                                                                                                  0
                                                                                                                                  US$16 million (2024) (MXN290 million)
                                                                                                                                  CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, SF6, PFCs
                                                                                                                                  Point source
                                                                                                                                  Set price
                                                                                                                                  Set price
                                                                                                                                  Not permitted
                                                                                                                                  Equal or greater than 1 tonne of CO2eq

                                                                                                                                  Supported by