Instrument Detail

National 52

Subnational 43

Jurisdictions with compliance instruments

ETSs 37

Carbon taxes 43

Instruments implemented

Loading data from Spreadsheets...

Carbon pricing instruments are considered: "Implemented" once they have been formally adopted through legislation and compliance obligations are in force and enforced; "Under development" if the government is actively working towards the implementation of a specific carbon pricing instrument, a mandate may have been established, but regulated entities do not yet face compliance obligations, and this has been formally confirmed by official government sources; or "Under consideration" if the government has announced its intention to work towards the implementation of a carbon pricing instrument and this has been formally confirmed by official government sources. An "Abolished" instrument is one that has previously met the definition of "Implemented" but is no longer in place. *The UK left the EU ETS but electricity generators in Northern Ireland are still subject to obligations.

1990

2025

Details of compliance carbon pricing instruments

Compare and sort ETSs and Carbon taxes based on a range of design features. Filters applied to the table are also displayed in the map above.

Clear Filter

Unique ID	Instrument name	Type	Status	Start date	End date	Scope	Jurisdiction	Region	Country income group	Main price rate	Share of jurisdiction's GHG emissions covered	Government revenue	Covered gases	Sectors	Point of Regulation	Allocation approaches	Price or market management	Offset eligibility	Banking/borrowing	Coverage threshold
Tax_AL	Albania carbon tax	Carbon tax	Implemented	2010		National	Albania	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income	US$14 (ALL1,255)	0.73	US$0 million (2024) (ALL0 million)
ETS_AL	Albania ETS	ETS	Under consideration	TBC		National	Albania	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income
Tax_CA_Alberta	Alberta carbon tax	Carbon tax	Abolished	2017	2019	Subnational	Alberta	North America	High income
ETS_CA_Alberta	Alberta TIER	ETS	Implemented	2007		Subnational	Alberta	North America	High income	US$66 (CAN$95)	0.59	US$412 million (2024) (CAN$564 million)	CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, SF6, PFCs, Other	, Electricity and heat, Industry, Mining and extractives, Waste	Point Source	Free allocation (Intensity-based), Set price	Set price trajectory	Yes, unlimited	Banking	100000 tCO2-e
Tax_AN	Andorra carbon tax	Carbon tax	Implemented	2022		National	Andorra	Europe & Central Asia	High income	US$32 (30)	0.95	US$0 million (2024) (0 million)
Tax_AR	Argentina carbon tax	Carbon tax	Implemented	2018		National	Argentina	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	US$5 (ARS5,716)	0.38	US$225 million (2024) (ARS203,646 million)	CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, SF6, PFCs	, Industry, Mining and extractives, Transport, Aviation, Agriculture, forestry and fishing fuel use	Upstream	Set price		Not permitted
ETS_AR	Argentina ETS	ETS	Under consideration	TBC		National	Argentina	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income
ETS_AU1	Australia CPM	ETS	Abolished	2012	2014	National	Australia	East Asia & Pacific	High income
ETS_AU2	Australia Safeguard Mechanism	ETS	Implemented	2023		National	Australia	East Asia & Pacific	High income	US$22 (A$35)	0.26	US$ million (2024) (A$ million)	CO2, CH4, N2O, SF6, HFCs, PFCs, Other	, Industry, Mining and extractives, Transport, Aviation	Point Source	Free allocation (Intensity-based)	None	Yes, unlimited	Banking	100000 tCO2-e
ETS_AT	Austria ETS	ETS	Implemented	2022		National	Austria	Europe & Central Asia	High income	US$49 (45)	0.36	US$1,264 million (2024) (1,177 million)	Several gases (primarily CO2 for fuels not in EU ETS)	, Transport, Buildings, Agriculture, forestry and fishing fuel use	Upstream	Set price	Fixed price	Not permitted	None	None
Tax_BH	Bahrain carbon tax	Carbon tax	Under consideration	TBC		National	Bahrain	Middle East & North Africa	High income
Tax_MX_BC	Baja California carbon tax	Carbon tax	Abolished	2020	2021	Subnational	Baja California	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income
ETS_CN_Beijing	Beijing pilot ETS	ETS	Implemented	2013		Subnational	Beijing	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income	US$12 (RMB88)	0.171944309	US$1 million (2024) (RMB8 million)	CO2	, Industry, Mining and extractives, Transport, Buildings	Point Source	Free allocation (Grandfathering), Free allocation (Intensity-based)	Price corridor	Yes, with quantitative limit	Banking	5000 tCO2-e
ETS_BA	Bosnia and Herzegovina ETS	ETS	Under consideration	TBC		National	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income
Tax_BW	Botswana carbon tax	Carbon tax	Under consideration	TBC		National	Botswana	Sub-Saharan Africa	Upper middle income
ETS_BR	Brazil ETS	ETS	Under consideration	TBC		National	Brazil	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income
Tax_CA_BC	BC carbon tax	Carbon tax	Abolished	2008	2025	Subnational	British Columbia	North America	High income					, Electricity and heat, Industry, Mining and extractives, Transport, Aviation, Buildings, Agriculture, forestry and fishing fuel use
ETS_CA_BC	BC OBPS	ETS	Implemented	2016		Subnational	British Columbia	North America	High income	US$66 (CAN$95)	0.26	US$ million (2024) (CAN$ million)	CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, SF6, PFCs	, Industry, Mining and extractives	Point Source	Free allocation (Intensity-based), Set price	Set price trajectory	Yes, with quantitative limit	Banking	10000 tCO2-e
UND_BN	Brunei Darussalam Undecided	Undecided	Under consideration	TBC		National	Brunei Darussalam	East Asia & Pacific	High income
ETS_US_California	California CaT	ETS	Implemented	2012		Subnational	California	North America	High income	US$29 (US$29)	0.76	US$4,401 million (2024) (US$4,401 million)	CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, SF6, PFCs, Other	, Electricity and heat, Industry, Mining and extractives, Transport, Buildings, Agriculture, forestry and fishing fuel use	Point Source, Upstream	Free allocation (Intensity-based), Auctioning	Price floor, Market stability reserve	Yes, with quantitative limit	Banking	25000 tCO2-e
ETS_CA2	Canada ETS	ETS	Under consideration	TBC		National	Canada	North America	High income
Tax_CA	Canada federal fuel charge	Carbon tax	Abolished	2019	2025	National	Canada	North America	High income					, Industry, Transport, Aviation, Buildings, Agriculture, forestry and fishing fuel use
ETS_CA	Canada federal OBPS	ETS	Implemented	2019		National	Canada	North America	High income	US$66 (CAN$95)	0.03	US$0 million (2024) (CAN$0 million)	CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, SF6, PFCs	, Industry, Mining and extractives	Point Source	Free allocation (Intensity-based)	Set price trajectory	Yes, with quantitative limit	Banking	50000 tCO2-e
Tax_CAT	Catalonia carbon tax	Carbon tax	Under consideration	TBC		Subnational	Catalonia	Europe & Central Asia	High income
Tax_CL	Chile carbon tax	Carbon tax	Implemented	2017		National	Chile	Latin America & Caribbean	High income	US$5 (US$5)	0.55	US$140 million (2024) (US$140 million)	CO2	, Electricity and heat, Industry, Mining and extractives	Downstream	Set price, no allocation of allowances.		Yes, unlimited		25000 tCO2e
ETS_CL	Chile carbon tax	ETS	Under consideration	TBC		National	Chile	Latin America & Caribbean	High income
ETS_CN	China national ETS	ETS	Implemented	2021		National	China	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income	US$12 (RMB86)	0.508028527	US$ million (2024) (RMB million)	CO2	, Electricity and heat, Industry	Point Source	Free allocation (Intensity-based)	None	Yes, with quantitative limit	Banking	26000 tCO2-e
ETS_CN_Chongqing	Chongqing pilot ETS	ETS	Implemented	2014		Subnational	Chongqing	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income	US$6 (RMB40)	0.142149654	US$3 million (2024) (RMB23 million)	CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, SF6, PFCs	, Industry	Point Source	Free allocation (Grandfathering), Free allocation (Intensity-based)	None	Yes, with quantitative limit	Banking	13000 tCO2-e
Tax_MX_Colima	Colima carbon tax	Carbon tax	Implemented	2025		Subnational	Colima	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	US$28 (MXN566)	0	US$0 million (2024) (MXN0 million)	CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, SF6, PFCs, Other	, Electricity and heat, Industry, Mining and extractives, Buildings, Agriculture, forestry and fishing fuel use	Point source	Set price	Introductory set price	Yes, with quantitative limits
Tax_CO	Colombia carbon tax	Carbon tax	Implemented	2017		National	Colombia	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	US$7 (COP27,398)	0.2	US$133 million (2024) (COP551,965 million)	CO2, CH4, N2O	, Industry, Mining and extractives, Transport, Aviation, Buildings, Agriculture, forestry and fishing fuel use	Upstream	Set price	The price is set by the Government, with the price fixed, except for coal where the rate is set to increase gradually.	Yes, with quantitative limits		None
ETS_CO	Colombia ETS	ETS	Under consideration	TBC		National	Colombia	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income
ETS_US_CO	Colorado GHG crediting trading system	ETS	Implemented	2023		Subnational	Colorado	North America	High income	US$ (US$)	0.028982301	US$0 million (2024) (US$ million)	CO2, CH4, N2O, SF6, HFCs, PFCs, NF3	, Industry	Point Source	Free allocation (Grandfathering) possibly implied	None (baseline-and-credit structure, no price corridor)	Not permitted	Banking	25000 tCO2-e, EITE?50k
Tax_CD	Côte dIvoire carbon tax	Carbon tax	Under consideration	TBC		National	Côte dIvoire	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income
Tax_DK	Denmark carbon tax	Carbon tax	Implemented	1992		National	Denmark	Europe & Central Asia	High income	US$108 (DKK (Øre)75,000)	0.44	US$503 million (2024) (DKR3,495 million)	CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, SF6, PFCs	, Electricity and heat, Industry, Mining and extractives, Transport, Aviation, Buildings, Agriculture, forestry and fishing fuel use	Upstream, Point source	Set Price	Set Price	Not permitted	Not Applicable
Tax_MX_Durango	Durango carbon tax	Carbon tax	Implemented	2023		Subnational	Durango	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	US$5 (MXN100)	0	US$6 million (2024) (MXN112 million)	CO2, CH4, N2O HFCs, SF6, PFCs	, Electricity and heat, Industry, Mining and extractives, Buildings, Agriculture, forestry and fishing fuel use	Point source	Set price	Introductory set price	Not permitted		Equal or greater than 1 tCO2
Tax_EE	Estonia carbon tax	Carbon tax	Implemented	2000		National	Estonia	Europe & Central Asia	High income	US$27 (25)	0.09	US$2 million (2024) (2 million)	CO2	, Electricity and heat, Industry, Mining and extractives	Point source	Set price	Set price	Not permitted	None	Not available
ETS_EU	EU ETS	ETS	Implemented	2005		Regional	EU	Europe & Central Asia	Europe & Central Asia	US$70 (65)	0.4	US$41,703 million (2024) (38,811 million)	CO2, N2O, PFCs, and additional coverage in certain industries	, Electricity and heat, Industry, Mining and extractives, Transport, Aviation	Point Source	Free allocation (Intensity-based), Auctioning	None (Market stability reserve, no direct corridor)	Not permitted	Banking (no borrowing)	20 MW
ETS_EU2	EU ETS2	ETS	Under consideration	TBC		Regional	EU27+	Europe & Central Asia	Europe & Central Asia
Tax_FI	Finland carbon tax	Carbon tax	Implemented	1990		National	Finland	Europe & Central Asia	High income	US$67 (62)	0.387	US$1,375 million (2024) (1,280 million)	CO2, CH4, N2O	, Industry, Mining and extractives, Transport, Buildings, Agriculture, forestry and fishing fuel use	Upstream	Set price	Fixed price	Not permitted	Not applicable
Tax_FR	France carbon tax	Carbon tax	Implemented	2014		National	France	Europe & Central Asia	High income	US$48 (45)	0.41	US$7,844 million (2024) (7,300 million)	CO2	, Industry, Mining and extractives, Transport, Buildings	Upstream	Set price	The price is set by the Government	Not permitted
ETS_CN_Fujian	Fujian pilot ETS	ETS	Implemented	2016		Subnational	Fujian	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income	US$5 (RMB34)	0.161915754	US$ million (2024) (RMB million)	CO2	, Industry, Mining and extractives, Aviation	Point Source	Free allocation (Grandfathering), Free allocation (Intensity-based)	None	Yes, with quantitative limit	Banking	5000 tcoe
ETS_GA	Gabon ETS	ETS	Under consideration	TBC		National	Gabon	Sub-Saharan Africa	Upper middle income
ETS_GE	Georgia ETS	ETS	Under consideration	TBC		National	Georgia	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income
ETS_DE	Germany ETS	ETS	Implemented	2021		National	Germany	Europe & Central Asia	High income	US$49 (45)	0.39	US$13,933 million (2024) (12,967 million)	CO2	, Mining and extractives, Transport, Buildings, Agriculture, forestry and fishing fuel use, Waste	Upstream	Set price	Fixed price	Not permitted	None	None
Tax_MX_Guanajuato	Guanajuato carbon tax	Carbon Tax	Implemented	2023		Subnational	Guanajuato	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	US$5 (MXN100)	0	US$2 million (2024) (MXN34 million)	CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, other	, Electricity and heat, Industry, Mining and extractives, Buildings, Agriculture, forestry and fishing fuel use	Point source	Set price	Exemption for the first 35 tCO2e emitted			Less than 35 Tons CO2eq/year are tax exempted
ETS_CN_Guangdong	Guangdong pilot ETS	ETS	Implemented	2013		Subnational	Guangdong (except Shenzhen)	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income	US$5 (RMB39)	0.123250739	US$ million (2024) (RMB million)	CO2	, Industry, Mining and extractives, Aviation	Point Source	Free allocation (Grandfathering), Free allocation (Intensity-based), Auctioning	None	Yes, with quantitative limit	Banking	10000 tCO2-e
Tax_US_HI	Hawaii carbon tax	Carbon tax	Under consideration	TBC		Subnational	Hawaii	North America	High income
ETS_CN_Hubei	Hubei pilot ETS	ETS	Implemented	2014		Subnational	Hubei	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income	US$5 (RMB38)	0.199076498	US$ million (2024) (RMB million)	CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, SF6, PFCs	, Industry, Mining and extractives	Point Source	Free allocation (Grandfathering), Free allocation (Intensity-based), Auctioning	None (ad-hoc auctions, market adjustment factor)	Yes, with quantitative limit	Banking	13000 tCO2-e
Tax_HU	Hungary carbon tax	Carbon tax	Implemented	2023		National	Hungary	Europe & Central Asia	High income	US$39 (36)	0	US$182 million (2024) (170 million)	CO2, N2O, HFCs, SF6, PFCs	, Electricity and heat, Industry, Mining and extractives, Transport, Aviation	Point source		Fixed price	Not permitted	None	10,000tCO2e
ETS_EU_IS	EU ETS	ETS	Implemented	0		Regional	Iceland	Europe & Central Asia	High income	US$70 (65)	0.4	US$41,703 million (2024) (38,811 million)	CO2, N2O, PFCs, and additional coverage in certain industries		Point Source	Free allocation (Intensity-based), Auctioning	None (Market stability reserve, no direct corridor)	Not permitted	Banking (no borrowing)	20 MW
Tax_IS	Iceland carbon tax	Carbon tax	Implemented	2010		National	Iceland	Europe & Central Asia	High income	US$60 (ISK8,000)	0.36	US$54 million (2024) (ISK7,515 million)	CO2, HFCs, PFCs	, Electricity and heat, Industry, Mining and extractives, Transport, Buildings, Agriculture, forestry and fishing fuel use	Upstream	Set price	Set price	Not permitted	None
ETS_IN	India ETS	ETS	Under development	TBC		National	India	South Asia	Lower middle income
Tax_ID	Indonesia carbon tax	Carbon tax	Under consideration	TBC		National	Indonesia	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income
ETS_ID	Indonesia ETS	ETS	Implemented	2023		National	Indonesia	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income	US$1 (IDR12,000)	0.2399	US$ million (2024) (IDR million)	CO2, CH4, N2O	, Electricity and heat	Point Source	Free allocation (Intensity-based)	None	Yes, with quantitative limit	Banking	25 MW
Tax_IE	Ireland carbon tax	Carbon tax	Implemented	2010		National	Ireland	Europe & Central Asia	High income	US$69 (64)	0.3	US$1,111 million (2024) (1,034 million)	CO2	, Electricity and heat, Industry, Mining and extractives, Transport, Buildings, Agriculture, forestry and fishing fuel use	Upstream	Set price	Set price trajectory - Rates of carbon taxation are set by the Government and increases each year based on a pre-determined trajectory up to 2030.	Not permitted	None
Tax_IL	Israel carbon tax	Carbon tax	Implemented	2024		National	Israel	Middle East & North Africa	High income	US$2 (ILS6)	0.78	US$0 million (2024) (ILS0 million)	CO2	, Electricity and heat, Industry, Mining and extractives, Buildings, Agriculture, forestry and fishing fuel use	Upstream	Set price with exemptions mentioned above	Set price trajectory adjusted with inflation
Tax_MX_JA	Jalisco carbon tax	Carbon tax	Under consideration	TBC		Subnational	Jalisco	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income
Tax_JP	Japan carbon tax	Carbon tax	Implemented	2012		National	Japan	East Asia & Pacific	High income	US$2 (JPY289)	0.8	US$1,452 million (2024) (JPY234,000 million)	CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, SF6, PFCs, Other	, Electricity and heat, Industry, Mining and extractives, Transport, Buildings	Upstream	Set price	Set price	Not permitted	None
ETS_JP	Japan ETS	ETS	Under consideration	TBC		National	Japan	East Asia & Pacific	High income
ETS_KZ	Kazakhstan ETS	ETS	Implemented	2013		National	Kazakhstan	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income	US$1 (KZT470)	0.43	US$ million (2024) (KZT million)	CO2	, Electricity and heat, Industry, Mining and extractives	Point Source	Free allocation (Intensity-based)	None (auctions planned but not implemented)	Yes, unlimited	Banking (within phase)	20000 tCO2-e
Tax_KE	Kenya carbon tax	Carbon tax	Under consideration	TBC		National	Kenya	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income
ETS_KR	Korea ETS	ETS	Implemented	2015		National	Korea, Rep.	East Asia & Pacific	High income	US$6 (KRW9,490)	0.79	US$134 million (2024) (KRW185,859 million)	CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, SF6	, Electricity and heat, Industry, Mining and extractives, Transport, Aviation, Buildings, Waste	Point Source	Free allocation (Intensity-based), Auctioning	None (market stabilization measures)	Yes, with quantitative limit	Banking (some constraints), no borrowing	25000 tCO2-e
Tax_LT	Latvia carbon Tax	Carbon tax	Implemented	2004		National	Latvia	Europe & Central Asia	High income	US$16 (15)	0.02	US$8 million (2024) (8 million)	CO2	, Industry, Mining and extractives	Upstream	Set price	Set price	Not permitted	None
ETS_EU_LI	EU ETS	ETS	Implemented	0		National	Liechtenstein	Europe & Central Asia	High income	US$70 (65)	0.4	US$41,703 million (2024) (38,811 million)	CO2, N2O, PFCs, and additional coverage in certain industries		Point Source	Free allocation (Intensity-based), Auctioning	None (Market stability reserve, no direct corridor)	Not permitted	Banking (no borrowing)	20 MW
Tax_LI	Liechtenstein carbon tax	Carbon tax	Implemented	2008		National	Liechtenstein	Europe & Central Asia	High income	US$136 (Sfr120)	0.72	US$9 million (2024) (Sfr8 million)	CO2	, Industry, Mining and extractives, Transport, Buildings	Upstream	Set price	The price is set by the Government	Yes, with quantitative limits	None
Tax_LU	Luxembourg carbon tax	Carbon tax	Implemented	2021		National	Luxembourg	Europe & Central Asia	High income	US$59 (54)	0.72	US$303 million (2024) (282 million)	CO2	, Industry, Mining and extractives, Transport, Buildings	Upstream	Set price	Set price trajectory	Not permitted
ETS_MY	Malaysia ETS	ETS	Under consideration	TBC		National	Malaysia	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income
Tax_CA_Manitoba	Manitoba carbon tax	Carbon tax	Abolished			Subnational	Manitoba	North America	High income
ETS_CA_Manitoba	Manitoba ETS	ETS	Under consideration	TBC		Subnational	Manitoba	North America	High income
ETS_US_Maryland	Maryland ETS	ETS	Under consideration	TBC		Subnational	Maryland	North America	High income
ETS_US_MA	Massachusetts ETS	ETS	Implemented	2018		Subnational	Massachusetts	North America	High income	US$9 (US$9)	0	US$19 million (2024) (US$19 million)	CO2	, Electricity and heat	Point Source	Auctioning	None (state-level quarterly auctions)	Not permitted	Banking (cap adjustments)	25 MW
ETS_US_TCIP	TCI-P ETS	ETS	Under development	TBC		Subnational	Massachusetts, Connecticut,
Tax_MR	Mauritania carbon tax	Carbon tax	Under consideration	TBC		National	Mauritania	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income
Tax_MX	Mexico carbon tax	Carbon tax	Implemented	2014		National	Mexico	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	US$4 (MXN80)	0.125	US$411 million (2024) (MXN7,552 million)	CO2	, Electricity and heat, Industry, Mining and extractives, Transport, Aviation, Buildings, Agriculture, forestry and fishing fuel use	Upstream	Set price	The price is set by the Government	Yes, unlimited		Equal or greater than 1 tonne CO2
ETS_MX	Mexico ETS	ETS	Implemented	2020		National	Mexico	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	US$0 (MXN0)	0.36	US$ million (2024) (MXN million)	CO2	, Electricity and heat, Industry, Mining and extractives	Point Source	Free allocation (Grandfathering)	None	Yes, with quantitative limit	Banking restricted (pilot?operational)	100000 tCO2-e
Tax_MX_MC	Mexico City carbon tax	Carbon tax	Implemented	2025		Subnational	Mexico City	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	US$3 (MXN58)	0	US$0 million (2024) (MXN0 million)	CO2, CH4, and N2O	, Electricity and heat, Industry, Mining and extractives, Buildings, Agriculture, forestry and fishing fuel use	Point source	Set price	Introductory set price	Not permitted		Equal or greater than 1 ton CO2eq/month
ETS_MD	Moldova ETS	ETS	Under consideration	TBC		National	Moldova	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income
ETS_MO	Montenegro ETS	ETS	Implemented	2022		National	Montenegro	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income	US$26 (24)	0.43	US$14 million (2024) (13 million)	CO2	, Electricity and heat, Industry, Mining and extractives	Point Source	Free allocation (Grandfathering), Free allocation (Fixed Benchmarking), Auctioning	None (about 19% auctions, min price around EUR 24)	Not permitted	Banking	No data threshold
Tax_MX_MO	Morelos carbon tax	Carbon tax	Implemented	2025		Subnational	Morelos	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	US$12 (MXN250)	0	US$0 million (2024) (MXN0 million)	CH4, N2O, HFCs, SF6, PFCs	, Electricity and heat, Industry, Mining and extractives, Buildings, Agriculture, forestry and fishing fuel use	Point source	Set price	Introductory set price			Equal or greater than 1 tonneCO2eq/month
Tax_MA	Morocco carbon tax	Carbon tax	Under consideration	TBC		National	Morocco	Middle East & North Africa	Lower middle income
Tax_NL	Netherlands carbon tax	Carbon tax	Implemented	2021		National	Netherlands	Europe & Central Asia	High income	US$95 (88)	0.01	US$0 million (2024) (0 million)	CO2, N2O	, Electricity and heat, Industry, Mining and extractives	Point source	Set price	Set price trajectory	Not permitted		Matches EU ETS coverage threshold
Tax_CA_NB	New Brunswick carbon tax	Carbon tax	Abolished	2020	2023	Subnational	New Brunswick	North America	High income
ETS_CA_NB	New Brunswick OBPS	ETS	Implemented	2021		Subnational	New Brunswick	North America	High income	US$66 (CAN$95)	0.54	US$0 million (2024) (CAN$0 million)	CO2, CH4, N2O, SF6, HFCs, PFCs	, Electricity and heat, Industry, Mining and extractives	Point Source	Free allocation (Intensity-based)	None (set carbon price path)	Not permitted	Banking	50000 tCO2-e
ETS_US_NY	New York State ETS	ETS	Under consideration	TBC		Subnational	New York State	North America	High income
Tax_NZ	New Zealand carbon tax	Carbon tax	Under consideration	TBC		National	New Zealand	East Asia & Pacific	High income
ETS_NZ	New Zealand ETS	ETS	Implemented	2008		National	New Zealand	East Asia & Pacific	High income	US$32 (NZ$56)	0.44	US$293 million (2024) (NZ$481 million)	CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, SF6, PFCs	, Electricity and heat, Industry, Mining and extractives, Transport, Aviation, Buildings, Agriculture, forestry and fishing fuel use, Waste, LULUCF	Upstream + point source	Free allocation (Intensity-based), Auctioning	Auction floor + cost containment reserve	No	Banking	None
Tax_CA_NL	Newfoundland and Labrador carbon tax	Carbon tax	Abolished	2019	2023	Subnational	Newfoundland and Labrador	North America	High income
ETS_CA_NL	Newfoundland and Labrador PSS	ETS	Implemented	2019		Subnational	Newfoundland and Labrador	North America	High income	US$66 (CAN$95)	0.36	US$0 million (2024) (CAN$1 million)	CO2, CH4, N2O, SF6, HFCs, PFCs	, Electricity and heat, Industry, Mining and extractives	Point Source	Free allocation (Intensity-based)	None (set carbon price path)	Not permitted	Banking	25000 tCO2-e
ETS_NG	Nigeria ETS	ETS	Under consideration	TBC		National	Nigeria	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income
ETS_MK	North Macedonia ETS	ETS	Under consideration	TBC		National	North Macedonia	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income
Tax_CA_NT	Northwest Territories carbon tax	Carbon tax	Abolished	2019	2025	Subnational	Northwest Territories	North America	High income					, Industry, Mining and extractives, Transport, Buildings, Agriculture, forestry and fishing fuel use
ETS_EU_NO	EU ETS	ETS	Implemented	0		Regional	Norway	Europe & Central Asia	High income	US$70 (65)	0.4	US$41,703 million (2024) (38,811 million)	CO2, N2O, PFCs, and additional coverage in certain industries		Point Source	Free allocation (Intensity-based), Auctioning	None (Market stability reserve, no direct corridor)	Not permitted	Banking (no borrowing)	20 MW
Tax_NO	Norway carbon tax	Carbon tax	Implemented	1991		National	Norway	Europe & Central Asia	High income	US$134 (NOK1,405)	0.41	US$1,605 million (2024) (NOK17,080 million)	CO2, N2O, CH4, HFCs, PFCs, SF6	, Industry, Mining and extractives, Transport, Aviation, Buildings, Agriculture, forestry and fishing fuel use, Waste	Upstream	Set price	The price is set yearly by the Norwegian Parliament. The government has also announced a plan to increase prices towards 2030.	Not permitted	None	Not Available
ETS_CA_NS	Nova Scotia OBPS	ETS	Implemented	2019		Subnational	Nova Scotia	North America	High income	US$66 (CAN$95)	0.36	US$13 million (2024) (CAN$18 million)	CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, SF6, PFCs, NF3	, Electricity and heat, Industry, Mining and extractives	Point Source	Free allocation (Intensity-based)	None (set carbon price path)	Not permitted	Banking	50000 tCO2-e
ETS_CA_Ontario	Ontario CaT	ETS	Abolished	2017	2019	Subnational	Ontario	North America	High income
ETS_CA_Ontario2	Ontario EPS	ETS	Implemented	2022		Subnational	Ontario	North America	High income	US$66 (CAN$95)	0.26	US$0 million (2024) (CAN$0 million)	CO2, CH4, N2O, SF6, HFCs, PFCs, NF3	, Electricity and heat, Industry, Mining and extractives	Point Source	Free allocation (Intensity-based)	None (set carbon price path)	Not permitted	Banking (EPUs valid 5 yrs)	50000 tCO2-e
ETS_US_Oregon	Oregon ETS	ETS	Implemented	2021		Subnational	Oregon	North America	High income	US$ (US$0)	0.48	US$0 million (2024) (US$ million)	CO2, CH4, N2O, SF6, HFCs, PFCs, NF3	, Industry, Mining and extractives, Transport, Buildings, Agriculture, forestry and fishing fuel use, Waste	Mixed (upstream fuels + point sources)	Free allocation (some from second compliance), Auctioning	Auction floor + cost containment, plus Community Climate Investment credits	Yes, with quantitative limit	Banking, no borrowing	No single numeric threshold is uniform
ETS_PK	Pakistan ETS	ETS	Under consideration	TBC		National	Pakistan	South Asia	Lower middle income
Tax_PY	Paraguay carbon tax	Carbon tax	Under consideration	TBC		National	Paraguay	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income
ETS_US_PE	Pennsylvania ETS	ETS	Under consideration	TBC		Subnational	Pennsylvania	North America	High income
ETS_PH	Philippines Undecided	ETS	Under development	TBC		National	Philippines	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income
Tax_PL	Poland carbon tax	Carbon tax	Implemented	1990		National	Poland	Europe & Central Asia	High income	US$0 (PLZ0)	0.24	US$7 million (2024) (PLZ27 million)	CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, SF6, PFCs, Other	, Industry, Mining and extractives, Transport, Buildings, Agriculture, forestry and fishing fuel use	Point source	Set price		Not permitted		PLN800
Tax_PT	Portugal carbon tax	Carbon tax	Implemented	2015		National	Portugal	Europe & Central Asia	High income	US$73 (67)	0.4	US$1,270 million (2024) (1,182 million)	CO2		Upstream	Set price, Rebates		Not permitted		Nil
Tax_CA_PE	Prince Edward Island carbon tax	Carbon tax	Abolished	2019	2025	Subnational	Prince Edward Island	North America	High income
ETS_CA_Quebec	Quebec CaT	ETS	Implemented	2013		Subnational	Quebec	North America	High income	US$42 (US$42)	0.757	US$1,055 million (2024) (CAN$1,444 million)	CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, SF6, NF3	, Electricity and heat, Industry, Mining and extractives, Transport, Buildings, Agriculture, forestry and fishing fuel use	Mixed (point source + upstream fuels + electricity)	Free allocation (Intensity-based), Auctioning	Price floor, Market stability reserve	Yes, with quantitative limit	Banking (no borrowing)	25000 tCO2-e
Tax_MX_Queretaro	Queretaro carbon tax	Carbon tax	Implemented	2022		Subnational	Queretaro	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	US$33 (MXN668)	0	US$15 million (2024) (MXN282 million)	CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, SF6, PFCs, Other	, Industry, Mining and extractives, Buildings, Agriculture, forestry and fishing fuel use	Point source	Set price	Set price	Yes, with quantitative limits		Equal or greater than 1 tCO2eq
ETS_RGGI	RGGI	ETS	Implemented	2009		Subnational	RGGI	North America	High income	US$23 (US$23)	0.14	US$1,456 million (2024) (US$1,456 million)	CO2	, Electricity and heat	Point Source	Auctioning	Price floor, Emissions containment reserve, Cost containment reserve	Yes, with quantitative limit	Banking, no borrowing	25 MW
ETS_JP_Saitama	Saitama ETS	ETS	Implemented	2011		Subnational	Saitama	East Asia & Pacific	High income	US$1 (JPY144)	0	US$ million (2024) (JPY million)	CO2	, Industry, Mining and extractives, Buildings, Agriculture, forestry and fishing fuel use	Downstream	Free allocation (Grandfathering)	None (no corridor). Baseline approach with compliance factors	Yes, with partial limit	Banking	1500 kL
ETS_RU_Sakhalin	Sakhalin ETS	ETS	Under consideration			Subnational	Sakhalin	Europe & Central Asia	High income
Tax_MX_SLP	San Luis Potosí carbon tax	Carbon tax	Implemented	2024		Subnational	San Luis Potosí	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	US$17 (MXN339)	0	US$1 million (2024) (MXN20 million)	CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, and Black Carbon	, Electricity and heat, Industry, Mining and extractives, Buildings, Agriculture, forestry and fishing fuel use	Point source	Set price	Set price			The tax is collected from the 1st ton emitted
ETS_BR_SaoPaulo	Sao Paolo ETS	ETS	Under consideration	TBC		Subnational	Sao Paolo	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income
ETS_CA_SK	Saskatchewan OBPS	ETS	Abolished	2019	2025	Subnational	Saskatchewan	North America	High income
Tax_SN	Senegal carbon tax	Carbon tax	Under consideration	TBC		National	Senegal	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income
ETS_RS	Serbia ETS	ETS	Under consideration	TBC		National	Serbia	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income
ETS_CN_Shandong	Shandong ETS	ETS	Abolished	2014	2021	Subnational	Shandong	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income
ETS_CN_Shanghai	Shanghai pilot ETS	ETS	Implemented	2013		Subnational	Shanghai	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income	US$11 (RMB78)	0.206221138	US$13 million (2024) (RMB96 million)	CO2	, Industry, Mining and extractives, Transport, Aviation, Buildings, Agriculture, forestry and fishing fuel use	Point Source	Free allocation (Grandfathering), Free allocation (Intensity-based), Auctioning	None (some auctions)	Yes, with quantitative limit	Banking	20000 tCO2-e
ETS_CN_Shenyang	Shenyang ETS		Removed				Shenyang	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income
ETS_CN_Shenzhen	Shenzhen pilot ETS	ETS	Implemented	2013		Subnational	Shenzhen	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income	US$7 (RMB47)	0.37238346	US$ million (2024) (RMB million)	CO2	, Industry, Mining and extractives, Transport, Buildings, Waste	Downstream	Free allocation (Grandfathering), Free allocation (Intensity-based)	None (two auctions historically)	Yes, with quantitative limit	Banking (no borrowing)	3000 tCO2-e
Tax_SG	Singapore carbon tax	Carbon tax	Implemented	2019		National	Singapore	East Asia & Pacific	High income	US$19 (S$25)	0.71	US$150 million (2024) (S$204 million)	CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, SF6, PFCs, NF3	, Electricity and heat, Industry, Mining and extractives, Waste	Point source	Auctioned at fixed price, with free allocation (intensity-based) for EITE sectors.	Set price trajectory	Yes, with quantitative limits	Not applicable	25000 tCO2e
Tax_SL	Slovenia carbon tax	Carbon tax	Implemented	2023		National	Slovenia	Europe & Central Asia	High income	US$33 (31)	0.46	US$173 million (2024) (161 million)	CO2	, Transport, Buildings	Midstream	Set price	Fixed price			unit of pollution
Tax_ZA	South Africa carbon tax	Carbon tax	Implemented	2019		National	South Africa	Sub-Saharan Africa	Upper middle income	US$13 (R236)	0.82	US$92 million (2024) (R1,689 million)	CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, SF6, PFCs	, Electricity and heat, Industry, Mining and extractives, Transport, Aviation, Buildings, Agriculture, forestry and fishing fuel use	Point source	Set price	Set price trajectory. The Carbon Tax rate trajectory is set out in the 2022 Taxation Laws Amendment Act	Yes, with quantitative limits	none	10MW(th) capacity for fuel combustion emissions from electricity and heat generation. (see 2020 Tax Laws Amendment Act for thresholds applicable to activities)
Tax_ES	Spain carbon tax	Carbon tax	Implemented	2014		National	Spain	Europe & Central Asia	High income	US$16 (15)	0.02	US$118 million (2024) (110 million)	HFCs, PFCs, SF6	, Industry	Upstream	Set price	Formula-based price based on the multiplication of 0,015 coefficient and fluorinates GWP. General rate of EUR 15/tCO2e, price floor or minimum rate of EUR 4,39/tCO2 for a few high GWP fluorinates (EUR100/kg fluorinate cap or price ceiling applies)	Not permitted	None	No
Tax_MX_SoMexico	State of Mexico carbon tax	Carbon tax	Implemented	2022		Subnational	State of Mexico	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	US$3 (MXN58)	0	US$14 million (2024) (MXN252 million)	CO2, CH4, N2O	, Electricity and heat, Industry, Mining and extractives, Buildings, Agriculture, forestry and fishing fuel use	Point source	Set price	Introductory set price	Yes, with quantitative limits		Applies to natural and fixed sources of emissions (carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide gases) that sum 1 ton of CO2e per month.
Tax_SE	Sweden carbon tax	Carbon tax	Implemented	1991		National	Sweden	Europe & Central Asia	High income	US$145 (SEK1,450)	0.4	US$2,306 million (2024) (SEK24,400 million)	CO2	, Electricity and heat, Industry, Mining and extractives, Transport, Buildings, Agriculture, forestry and fishing fuel use	Upstream	Set price	The price is set by the Government	Not permitted	None
Tax_CH	Switzerland carbon tax	Carbon tax	Implemented	2008		National	Switzerland	Europe & Central Asia	High income	US$136 (Sfr120)	0.35	US$1,426 million (2024) (Sfr1,285 million)	CO2	, Buildings	Upstream	Set price, Rebates	The price is set by the Government	Yes, with quantitative limits
ETS_CH	Switzerland ETS	ETS	Implemented	2008		National	Switzerland	Europe & Central Asia	High income	US$65 (60)	0.13	US$50 million (2024) (Sfr45 million)	CO2, N2O, CH4, HFCs, PFCs, SF6, NF3	, Electricity and heat, Industry, Mining and extractives, Aviation	Point Source, Aviation	Free allocation (Intensity-based), Auctioning	None (linked with EU ETS, no offsets)	Not permitted	Banking (aligned with EU), no borrowing	EU-like thresholds
Tax_CN_Taiwan	Taiwan carbon fee	Carbon tax	Implemented	2024		Subnational	Taiwan, China	East Asia & Pacific	High income	US$9 (RMB66)	0.54	US$0 million (2024) (RMB0 million)	CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, SF6, NF3	, Industry, Mining and extractives	Point source/Downstream	Set price		Yes, with quantitative limits		25000 tCO2e
ETS_CN_Taiwan	Taiwan, China ETS	ETS	Under consideration	TBC		Subnational	Taiwan, China	East Asia & Pacific	High income
Tax_MX_TA	Tamaulipas carbon tax	Carbon tax	Implemented	2022		Subnational	Tamaulipas	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	US$17 (MXN339)	0	US$82 million (2024) (MXN1,512 million)	CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, SF6, PFCs	, Electricity and heat, Industry, Mining and extractives, Buildings, Agriculture, forestry and fishing fuel use	Point source	Set price	Fixed price	Yes, with quantitative limits		Any facility that emits more than 25,000 tCO2e is subject to the tax
Tax_TH	Thailand carbon tax	Carbon tax	Under consideration	TBC		National	Thailand	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income
ETS_TH	Thailand ETS	ETS	Under consideration	TBC		National	Thailand	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income
ETS_CN_Tianjin	Tianjin pilot ETS	ETS	Implemented	2013		Subnational	Tianjin	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income	US$5 (RMB39)	0.182942786	US$ million (2024) (RMB million)	CO2	, Industry, Mining and extractives	Point Source	Free allocation (Grandfathering), Free allocation (Intensity-based), Auctioning	None (ad-hoc auctions)	Yes, with quantitative limit	Banking, no borrowing	20000 tCO2-e
ETS_JP_Tokyo	Tokyo CaT	ETS	Implemented	2010		Subnational	Tokyo	East Asia & Pacific	High income	US$4 (JPY600)	0	US$ million (2024) (JPY million)	CO2	, Industry, Mining and extractives, Waste	Downstream	Free allocation (Grandfathering)	None (baseline approach, no corridor)	Yes, with partial limit	Banking	1500 kL
ETS_TR	Türkiye ETS	ETS	Under consideration	TBC		National	Türkiye	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income
Tax_UA	Ukraine carbon tax	Carbon tax	Implemented	2011		National	Ukraine	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income	US$1 (UAH30)	0.32	US$80 million (2024) (UAH3,300 million)	CO2	, Electricity and heat, Industry, Mining and extractives, Buildings	Point source	Set price	Set price	Not permitted	None	500 tCO2
ETS_UA	Ukraine ETS	ETS	Under consideration	TBC		National	Ukraine	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income
Tax_UK	UK Carbon Price Support	Carbon tax	Implemented	2013		National	United Kingdom	Europe & Central Asia	High income	US$23 (£18)	0	US$872 million (2024) (£688 million)	CO2	, Electricity and heat	Upstream	Set price		Not permitted	None
ETS_UK	UK ETS	ETS	Implemented	2021		National	United Kingdom	Europe & Central Asia	High income	US$57 (£44)	0.27	US$3,250 million (2024) (£2,564 million)	CO2, N2O, PFCs	, Electricity and heat, Industry, Mining and extractives, Aviation	Point Source, Aviation	Free allocation (Intensity-based), Auctioning	Auction with floor (GBP22), cost containment mechanism	Not permitted	Banking (limited overdraw)	20 MW
Tax_UY	Uruguay CO2 tax	Carbon tax	Implemented	2022		National	Uruguay	Latin America & Caribbean	High income	US$159 (YUY6,704)	0.05	US$302 million (2024) (YUY12,078 million)	CO2	, Industry, Mining and extractives, Transport, Buildings, Agriculture, forestry and fishing fuel use	Upstream	Set price		Not permitted
ETS_VN	Viet Nam ETS	ETS	Under development	TBC		National	Viet Nam	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income
ETS_US_VA	Virginia ETS	ETS	Under consideration	TBC		Subnational	Virginia	North America	High income
ETS_US_Washington	Washington CCA	ETS	Implemented	2023		Subnational	Washington	North America	High income	US$50 (US$50)	0.71	US$811 million (2024) (US$811 million)	CO2, CH4, N2O, SF6, HFCs, PFCs, NF3, others	, Electricity and heat, Industry, Mining and extractives, Transport, Aviation, Buildings, Agriculture, forestry and fishing fuel use, Agricultural emissions	Mixed (upstream fuels, point sources)	Free allocation (Grandfathering, Benchmark), Auctioning	Price floor, cost containment reserve	Yes, with quantitative limit	Banking (holding limits), no borrowing	25000 tCO2-e
Tax_MX_Yucatan	Yucatan carbon tax	Carbon tax	Implemented	2022		Subnational	Yucatan	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	US$15 (MXN305)	0	US$6 million (2024) (MXN117 million)	CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, SF6, PFCs	, Electricity and heat, Industry, Mining and extractives, Buildings, Agriculture, forestry and fishing fuel use	Point source	Set price	Fixed price	Yes, with quantitative limits		Equal or greater than 1 tonne CO2eq
Tax_MX_ZA	Zacatecas carbon tax	Carbon tax	Implemented	2017		Subnational	Zacatecas	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income	US$12 (MXN250)	0	US$16 million (2024) (MXN290 million)	CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, SF6, PFCs	, Electricity and heat, Industry, Mining and extractives, Agriculture, forestry and fishing fuel use	Point source	Set price	Set price	Not permitted		Equal or greater than 1 tonne of CO2eq

Instrument Detail

State and Trends of Carbon Pricing Dashboard

compliance mechanisms

Carbon credit markets

Details of compliance carbon pricing instruments

Supported by

Instrument Detail

State and Trends of Carbon Pricing Dashboard

compliance mechanisms

Carbon credit markets

Details of compliance carbon pricing instruments

Supported by

follow us

newsletter