89
National 49
Subnational 40
Jurisdictions with compliance instruments
74
ETSs 37
Carbon taxes 37
Instruments implemented
Loading data from Spreadsheets...
Carbon pricing instruments are considered: "Implemented" once they have been formally adopted through legislation and compliance obligations are in force and enforced; "Under development" if the government is actively working towards the implementation of a specific carbon pricing instrument, a mandate may have been established, but regulated entities do not yet face compliance obligations, and this has been formally confirmed by official government sources; or "Under consideration" if the government has announced its intention to work towards the implementation of a carbon pricing instrument and this has been formally confirmed by official government sources. An "Abolished" instrument is one that has previously met the definition of "Implemented" but is no longer in place. *The UK left the EU ETS but electricity generators in Northern Ireland are still subject to obligations.
Details of compliance carbon pricing instruments
Compare and sort ETSs and Carbon taxes based on a range of design features. Filters applied to the table are also displayed in the map above.
| Unique ID | Instrument name | Type | Status | Start date | End date | Scope | Jurisdiction | Region | Country income group | Main price rate | Share of jurisdiction's GHG emissions covered | Government revenue | Covered gases | Sectors | Point of Regulation | Allocation approaches | Price or market management approaches | Offsets permitted? | Banking/borrowing | Coverage threshold |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Finland carbon tax | Carbon tax | Implemented | 1990 | National | Finland | Europe & Central Asia | High income | US$83.74 (€77) | 0.36 | US$1,734 million (2022) (€1,569 million) | CO2 | Upstream | Set price, | Not permitted | Nil | |||||
Poland carbon tax | Carbon tax | Implemented | 1990 | National | Poland | Europe & Central Asia | High income | Not available | 0.0375 | US$7 million (2022) (PLZ28 million) | All | Point source | Set price, | Not permitted | PLN800 | |||||
Norway carbon tax | Carbon tax | Implemented | 1991 | National | Norway | Europe & Central Asia | High income | Not available | 0.63 | US$2,157 million (2022) (NOK18,863 million) | CO2, CH4, HFCs, PFCs | Upstream | Set price, | Not permitted | Not available | |||||
Sweden carbon tax | Carbon tax | Implemented | 1991 | National | Sweden | Europe & Central Asia | High income | Not available | 0.4 | US$2,342 million (2022) (kr22,000 million) | CO2 | Upstream | Set price, | Not permitted | Nil | |||||
Denmark carbon tax | Carbon tax | Implemented | 1992 | National | Denmark | Europe & Central Asia | High income | US$26.53 (DKR181.70) | 0.4 | US$468 million (2022) (DKR3,149 million) | All | Combination | Set price, | Not permitted | Nil | |||||
Latvia carbon tax | Carbon tax | Implemented | 2004 | National | Latvia | Europe & Central Asia | High income | US$16.31 (€15) | 0.05 | US$8 million (2022) (€8 million) | CO2 | Upstream | Set price, | Not permitted | Nil | |||||
Estonia carbon tax | Carbon tax | Implemented | 2000 | National | Estonia | Europe & Central Asia | High income | US$2.18 (€2) | 0.066 | US$2 million (2022) (€2 million) | CO2 | Point source | Set price, | Not permitted | Not available | |||||
EU ETS | ETS | Implemented | 2005 | Regional | EU 27 (excl. UK) | Europe and Central Asia | High income | US$96.30 (€88.55) | 0.38 | US$42,838 million (2022) (€38,760 million) | CO2, N2O, PFCs | Point source | Free allocation, Auctions, | Stability reserve | Not permitted | Banking | 20 MW | |||
Alberta TIER | ETS | Implemented | 2007 | Subnational (State/Province) | Alberta (Canada) | North America | High income | US$48.03 (CAN$65) | 0.58 | US$476 million (2022) (CAN$596 million) | All | Point Source | Price floor or ceiling, | Yes, with quantitative limit | None | 100,000 tCO2-e | ||||
Switzerland ETS | ETS | Implemented | 2008 | National | Switzerland | Europe & Central Asia | High income | US$93.81 (€86.26) | 0.106 | US$47 million (2022) (Sfr43 million) | All | Point Source | Free allocation, Auctions, | Stability reserve | Not permitted | Banking | 20 MW | |||
New Zealand ETS | ETS | Implemented | 2008 | National | New Zealand | East Asia & Pacific | High income | US$34.20 (NZ$54.50) | 0.49 | US$1,406 million (2022) (NZ$2,031 million) | All | Combination | Free allocation, Auctions, | Price floor or ceiling, | Not permitted | Banking | 25,000 tCO2-e | |||
Switzerland carbon tax | Carbon tax | Implemented | 2008 | National | Switzerland | Europe & Central Asia | High income | US$130.81 (Sfr120) | 0.33 | US$1,617 million (2022) (Sfr1,494 million) | CO2 | Upstream | Set price, Rebates, | Yes, with quantitative limit | Not available | |||||
BC carbon tax | Carbon tax | Implemented | 2008 | Subnational (State/Province) | British Columbia (Canada) | North America | High income | US$48.03 (CAN$65) | 0.7 | US$1,757 million (2022) (CAN$2,199 million) | CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, SF6, PFCs | Upstream | Set price, | Set price | Not permitted | |||||
RGGI | ETS | Implemented | 2009 | Subnational (State/Province) | RGGI (United States) | North America | High income | US$15.39 (US$15.39) | 0.14 | US$1,194 million (2022) (US$1,194 million) | CO2 | Point Source | Auctions, | Price floor or ceiling, Stability reserve | Yes, with quantitative limit | Banking | 25 MW | |||
Iceland carbon tax | Carbon tax | Implemented | 2010 | National | Iceland | Europe & Central Asia | High income | Not available | 0.55 | US$55 million (2022) (ISK7,050 million) | CO2, HFCs, PFCs | Upstream | Set price, | Not permitted | Nil | |||||
Tokyo CaT | ETS | Implemented | 2010 | Subnational (City) | Tokyo (Japan) | East Asia & Pacific | High income | US$41.95 (JPY5,600) | 0.2 | US$0 million (2022) (JPY0 million) | CO2 | Downstream | Free allocation, | Yes, with quantitative limit | Banking | 1,500kL of crude oil | ||||
Ireland carbon tax | Carbon tax | Implemented | 2010 | National | Ireland | Europe & Central Asia | High income | US$52.74 (€48.50) | 0.4 | US$721 million (2022) (€652 million) | CO2 | Upstream | Set price, | Not permitted | Nil | |||||
Saitama ETS | ETS | Implemented | 2011 | Subnational (City) | Saitama (Japan) | East Asia & Pacific | High income | US$1.08 (JPY144) | 0.17 | US$0 million (2022) (JPY0 million) | CO2 | Downstream | Free allocation, | Yes, with quantitative limit | Banking | 1,500kL of crude oil | ||||
California CaT | ETS | Implemented | 2012 | Subnational (State/Province) | California (United States) | North America | High income | US$29.84 (US$29.84) | 0.74 | US$4,027 million (2022) (US$4,027 million) | All | Combination | Free allocation, Auctions, | Stability reserve | Yes, with quantitative limit | Banking | 25,000 tCO2-e | |||
Japan carbon tax | Carbon tax | Implemented | 2012 | National | Japan | East Asia & Pacific | High income | US$2.17 (JPY289) | 0.75 | US$1,800 million (2022) (JPY220,000 million) | All | Upstream | Set price, | Not permitted | Not applicable | Nil | ||||
Quebec CaT | ETS | Implemented | 2013 | Subnational (State/Province) | Quebec (Canada) | North America | High income | US$29.84 (US$29.84) | 0.77 | US$1,069 million (2022) (CAN$1,338 million) | All | Combination | Free allocation, Auctions, | Stability reserve | Yes, with quantitative limit | Banking | 25,000 tCO2-e | |||
Kazakhstan ETS | ETS | Implemented | 2013 | National | Kazakhstan | Europe & Central Asia | Upper middle income | US$1.12 (KZT504) | 0.46 | US$0 million (2022) (KZT0 million) | CO2 | Point source | Free allocation, | Yes, unlimited | Banking | 20,000 tCO2-e | ||||
UK Carbon Price Support | Carbon tax | Implemented | 2013 | National | United Kingdom | Europe & Central Asia | High income | US$22.28 (£18) | 0.24 | US$927 million (2022) (£706 million) | CO2 | Point source | Set price, | Not permitted | Not available | |||||
Shenzhen pilot ETS | ETS | Implemented | 2013 | Subnational (City) | Shenzhen (China) | East Asia & Pacific | Upper middle income | US$8.77 (RMB60.23) | 0.3 | US$4 million (2022) (RMB25 million) | CO2 | Combination | Free allocation, Auctions, | Stability reserve | Yes, with quantitative limit | Banking | 3,000 tCO2-e | |||
Shanghai pilot ETS | ETS | Implemented | 2013 | Subnational (City) | Shanghai (China) | East Asia & Pacific | Upper middle income | US$8.72 (RMB59.90) | 0.36 | US$22 million (2022) (RMB141 million) | CO2 | Combination | Free allocation, Auctions, | Stability reserve | Yes, with quantitative limit | Banking | 10,000 tCO2-e to 100,000 tCO2-e | |||
Beijing pilot ETS | ETS | Implemented | 2013 | Subnational (City) | Beijing (China) | East Asia & Pacific | Upper middle income | US$12.96 (RMB89) | 0.24 | US$18 million (2022) (RMB113 million) | CO2 | Combination | Free allocation, Auctions, | Price floor or ceiling, Stability reserve | Yes, with quantitative limit | Banking | 5,000 tCO2-e | |||
Guangdong pilot ETS | ETS | Implemented | 2013 | Subnational (State/Province) | Guangdong (except Shenzhen) (China) | East Asia & Pacific | Upper middle income | US$12.34 (RMB84.77) | 0.4 | US$128 million (2022) (RMB816 million) | CO2 | Combination | Free allocation, Auctions, | Price floor or ceiling, Stability reserve | Yes, with quantitative limit | Banking | 10,000 tCO2-e | |||
Tianjin pilot ETS | ETS | Implemented | 2013 | Subnational (City) | Tianjin (China) | East Asia & Pacific | Upper middle income | US$4.60 (RMB31.62) | 0.35 | US$13 million (2022) (RMB85 million) | CO2 | Combination | Free allocation, Auctions, | Stability reserve | Yes, with quantitative limit | Banking | 20,000 tCO2-e | |||
France carbon tax | Carbon tax | Implemented | 2014 | National | France | Europe & Central Asia | High income | US$48.50 (€44.60) | 0.35 | US$8,400 million (2022) (€7,600 million) | CO2 | Upstream | Set price, | Not permitted | Nil | |||||
Mexico carbon tax | Carbon tax | Implemented | 2014 | National | Mexico | Latin America & Caribbean | Upper middle income | US$3.79 (MXN68.37) | 0.44 | US$217 million (2022) (MXN4,306 million) | CO2 | Upstream | Set price, | Yes, unlimited | Nil | |||||
Hubei pilot ETS | ETS | Implemented | 2014 | Subnational (State/Province) | Hubei (China) | East Asia & Pacific | Upper middle income | US$6.96 (RMB47.82) | 0.27 | US$14 million (2022) (RMB87 million) | CO2 | Combination | Free allocation, Auctions, | Stability reserve | Yes, with quantitative limit | Banking | 10,000 tce | |||
Chongqing pilot ETS | ETS | Implemented | 2014 | Subnational (City) | Chongqing (China) | East Asia & Pacific | Upper middle income | US$4.66 (RMB32) | 0.51 | US$13 million (2022) (RMB80 million) | All | Combination | Free allocation, Auctions, | Yes, with quantitative limit | Banking | 13,000 tCO2-e | ||||
Korea ETS | ETS | Implemented | 2015 | National | Korea, Rep. | East Asia & Pacific | High income | US$11.24 (KRW14,650) | 0.74 | US$262 million (2022) (KRW317,100 million) | All | Combination | Free allocation, Auctions, | Stability reserve | Yes, with quantitative limit | Banking, Borrowing | 25,000 tCO2-e | |||
Portugal carbon tax | Carbon tax | Implemented | 2015 | National | Portugal | Europe & Central Asia | High income | Not available | 0.4 | US$495 million (2022) (€448 million) | CO2 | Upstream | Set price, Rebates, | Not permitted | Nil | |||||
BC GGIRCA | ETS | Implemented | 2016 | Subnational (State/Province) | British Columbia (Canada) | North America | High income | US$18.47 (CAN$25) | 0 | Not available | All | Point Source | Auctions, | Yes, unlimited | Banking | |||||
Australia Safeguard Mechanism | ETS | Implemented | 2023 | National | Australia | East Asia & Pacific | High income | Not available | TBD | US$0 million (2022) (A$0 million) | Yes, unlimited | |||||||||
South Africa carbon tax | Carbon tax | Implemented | 2019 | National | South Africa | Sub-Saharan Africa | Upper middle income | US$8.93 (R159) | 0.8 | US$115 million (2022) (R1,689 million) | All | Point source | Set price, | Set price | Yes, with quantitative limit | |||||
Chile carbon tax | Carbon tax | Implemented | 2017 | National | Chile | Latin America & Caribbean | High income | US$5 (US$5) | 0.294 | US$0 million (2022) (CLP0 million) | CO2 | Downstream | Set price, | Yes, unlimited | 25,000 tCO2-e | |||||
Colombia carbon tax | Carbon tax | Implemented | 2017 | National | Colombia | Latin America & Caribbean | Upper middle income | US$5.06 (COP23,395) | 0.23 | US$113 million (2022) (COP423,904 million) | All | Upstream | Set price, | Yes, unlimited | Nil | |||||
Ukraine carbon tax | Carbon tax | Implemented | 2011 | National | Ukraine | Europe & Central Asia | Lower middle income | US$0.82 (UAH30) | 0.71 | US$40 million (2022) (UAH1,184 million) | CO2 | Point source | Set price, | Not permitted | 500 tCO2 | |||||
Liechtenstein carbon tax | Carbon tax | Implemented | 2008 | National | Liechtenstein | Europe & Central Asia | High income | US$130.81 (Sfr120) | 0.806 | US$5 million (2022) (Sfr5 million) | CO2 | Upstream | Set price, | Yes, with quantitative limit | Not available | |||||
Washington CCA | ETS | Implemented | 2023 | Subnational (State/Province) | Washington (United States) | North America | High income | US$22.20 (US$22.20) | 0.7 | US$0 million (2022) (US$0 million) | All | Combination | Free allocation, Auctions, | Price floor or ceiling, Stability reserve | Yes, with quantitative limit | Banking | 25,000 tCO2-e | |||
Fujian pilot ETS | ETS | Implemented | 2016 | Subnational (State/Province) | Fujian (China) | East Asia & Pacific | Upper middle income | US$4.66 (RMB32) | 0.51 | US$0 million (2022) (RMB1 million) | CO2 | Combination | Free allocation, Auctions, | Stability reserve | Yes, with quantitative limit | Banking | 5,000 tce (~13,000 tCO2-e) | |||
Canada federal OBPS | ETS | Implemented | 2019 | National | Canada | North America | High income | US$48.03 (CAN$65) | 0.01 | US$93 million (2022) (CAN$116 million) | All | Point Source | Price floor or ceiling, | Yes, with quantitative limit | None | 50,000 tCO2-e | ||||
Singapore carbon tax | Carbon tax | Implemented | 2019 | National | Singapore | East Asia & Pacific | High income | US$3.77 (S$5) | 0.8 | US$146 million (2022) (S$198 million) | All | Point Source | Set price, | Not permitted | Not applicable | 25,000 tCO2-e | ||||
China national ETS | ETS | Implemented | 2021 | National | China | East Asia & Pacific | Upper middle income | US$8.15 (RMB56) | 0.306938981 | Not available | CO2 | Point Source | Auctions, | Yes, with quantitative limit | Borrowing | 26,000 tCO2-e | ||||
Mexico pilot ETS | ETS | Implemented | 2020 | National | Mexico | Latin America & Caribbean | Upper middle income | Not available | 0.4 | US$0 million (2022) (MXN0 million) | CO2 | Point source | Free allocation, | Yes, with quantitative limit | Banking | 100,000 tCO2-e | ||||
Newfoundland and Labrador PSS | ETS | Implemented | 2019 | Subnational (State/Province) | Newfoundland and Labrador (Canada) | North America | High income | US$48.03 (CAN$65) | 0.43 | US$0 million (2022) (CAN$0 million) | All | Point Source | Price floor or ceiling, | Not permitted | 25,000 tCO2-e | |||||
Oregon ETS | ETS | Implemented | 2021 | Subnational (State/Province) | Oregon (United States) | North America | High income | Not available | 0.43 | Not available | All | Upstream | Free allocation, | Yes, with quantitative limit | Banking | 100,000 tCO2-e | ||||
Massachusetts ETS | ETS | Implemented | 2018 | Subnational (State/Province) | Massachusetts (United States) | North America | High income | US$12.05 (US$12.05) | 0.08 | US$54 million (2022) (US$54 million) | CO2 | Point Source | Auctions, | Price floor or ceiling, | Not permitted | Banking | ||||
Northwest Territories carbon tax | Carbon tax | Implemented | 2019 | Subnational (State/Province) | Northwest Territories (Canada) | North America | High income | US$48.03 (CAN$65) | 0.79 | US$35 million (2022) (CAN$44 million) | CO2 | Upstream | Set price, Rebates, | Not permitted | None | |||||
Nova Scotia CaT | ETS | Implemented | 2019 | Subnational (State/Province) | Nova Scotia (Canada) | North America | High income | US$20.88 (CAN$28.25) | 0.87 | US$42 million (2022) (CAN$52 million) | All | Combination | Free allocation, Auctions, | Stability reserve | Not permitted | Not applicable | 50,000 tCO2-e | |||
Prince Edward Island carbon tax | Carbon tax | Implemented | 2019 | Subnational (State/Province) | Prince Edward Island (Canada) | North America | High income | US$36.95 (CAN$50) | 0.56 | US$24 million (2022) (CAN$30 million) | All | Upstream | Set price, | Not permitted | ||||||
Canada federal fuel charge | Carbon tax | Implemented | 2019 | National | Canada | North America | High income | US$48.03 (CAN$65) | 0.3 | US$5,896 million (2022) (CAN$7,377 million) | All | Upstream | Set price, | Set price | Not permitted | None | ||||
Netherlands carbon tax | Carbon tax | Implemented | 2021 | National | Netherlands | Europe & Central Asia | High income | Not available | 0.52 | US$0 million (2022) (€0 million) | CO2, N2O | Point source | Set price, | Not permitted | ||||||
Argentina carbon tax | Carbon tax | Implemented | 2018 | National | Argentina | Latin America & Caribbean | Upper middle income | US$3.34 (ARS695.92) | 0.2 | US$314 million (2022) (ARS34,887 million) | All | Upstream | Set price, | Not permitted | ||||||
Saskatchewan OBPS | ETS | Implemented | 2019 | Subnational (State/Province) | Saskatchewan (Canada) | North America | High income | US$48.03 (CAN$65) | 0.13 | US$0 million (2022) (CAN$0 million) | All | Point source | Free allocation, | Price floor or ceiling, | Not permitted | 25,000 tCO2-e
| ||||
Spain carbon tax | Carbon tax | Implemented | 2014 | National | Spain | Europe & Central Asia | High income | US$16.31 (€15) | 0.019 | US$77 million (2022) (€70 million) | HFCs, PFCs, SF6 | Set price, | Not permitted | |||||||
Newfoundland and Labrador carbon tax | Carbon tax | Implemented | 2019 | Subnational (State/Province) | Newfoundland and Labrador (Canada) | North America | High income | US$48.03 (CAN$65) | 0.47 | US$87 million (2022) (CAN$109 million) | All | Upstream | Set price, | Not permitted | ||||||
New Brunswick ETS | ETS | Implemented | 2021 | Subnational (State/Province) | New Brunswick (Canada) | North America | High income | US$48.03 (CAN$65) | 0.5 | US$0 million (2022) (CAN$0 million) | All | Point Source | Price floor or ceiling, | Not permitted | 50,000 tCO2-e | |||||
Ontario EPS | ETS | Implemented | 2022 | Subnational (State/Province) | Ontario (Canada) | North America | High income | US$48.03 (CAN$65) | 0.25 | Not available | All | Point Source | Price floor or ceiling, | Not permitted | 50,000 tCO2-e | |||||
Indonesia ETS | ETS | Implemented | 2023 | National | Indonesia | East Asia & Pacific | Upper middle income | Not available | 0.26 | US$0 million (2022) (IDR0 million) | ||||||||||
Germany ETS | ETS | Implemented | 2021 | National | Germany | Europe & Central Asia | High income | US$32.63 (€30) | 0.4 | US$7,076 million (2022) (€6,403 million) | CO2 | Upstream | Set price, | Set price | Not permitted | None | Nil | |||
Luxembourg carbon tax | Carbon tax | Implemented | 2021 | National | Luxembourg | Europe & Central Asia | High income | Not available | 0.65 | US$287 million (2022) (€260 million) | CO2 | Upstream | Set price, | Not permitted | ||||||
New Brunswick carbon tax | Carbon tax | Implemented | 2020 | Subnational (State/Province) | New Brunswick (Canada) | North America | High income | US$48.03 (CAN$65) | 0.39 | US$128 million (2022) (CAN$160 million) | All | Upstream | Set price, | Not permitted | ||||||
Montenegro ETS | ETS | Implemented | 2022 | National | Montenegro | Europe & Central Asia | Upper middle income | Not available | N/A | Not available | CO2 | Point source | Free allocation, Auctions, | Stability reserve | Not permitted | Banking | 20 MW | |||
UK ETS | ETS | Implemented | 2021 | National | United Kingdom | Europe & Central Asia | High income | US$88.13 (£71.21) | 0.28 | US$8,061 million (2022) (£6,134 million) | CO2, N2O, PFCs | Point source | Free allocation, Auctions, | Stability reserve | Not permitted | Banking, Borrowing | 20 MW | |||
Zacatecas carbon tax | Carbon tax | Implemented | 2017 | National | Mexico | Latin America & Caribbean | Upper middle income | US$13.86 (MXN250) | 0.5 | US$28 million (2022) (MXN554 million) | All | Point source | Set price, | Not permitted | ||||||
Austria ETS | ETS | Implemented | 2022 | National | Austria | Europe & Central Asia | High income | US$35.34 (€32.50) | 0.403 | Not available | All | Upstream | Set price, | Set price | Not permitted | |||||
Uruguay CO2 tax | Carbon tax | Implemented | 2022 | National | Uruguay | Latin America & Caribbean | High income | US$155.87 (YUY6,024) | 0.112 | US$255 million (2022) (YUY10,482 million) | All | Upstream | Set price, | Not permitted | ||||||
Queretaro carbon tax | Carbon tax | Implemented | 2022 | Subnational (State/Province) | Queretaro (Mexico) | Latin America & Caribbean | Upper middle income | US$32.20 (MXN580.94) | 0.5 | Not available | All | Point source | Set price, | Yes, with quantitative limit | ||||||
State of Mexico carbon tax | Carbon tax | Implemented | 2022 | Subnational (State/Province) | State of Mexico (Mexico) | Latin America & Caribbean | Upper middle income | US$2.38 (MXN43) | 0.5 | Not available | CO2, CH4, N2O | Point source | Set price, | |||||||
Yucatan carbon tax | Carbon tax | Implemented | 2022 | Subnational (State/Province) | Yucatan (Mexico) | Latin America & Caribbean | Upper middle income | US$15.53 (MXN280.10) | 0.5 | Not available | All | Point source | Set price, | Not permitted | ||||||
Durango carbon tax | Carbon tax | Implemented | 2023 | Subnational (State/Province) | Durango (Mexico) | Latin America & Caribbean | Upper middle income | Not available | N/A | US$0 million (2022) (MXN0 million) | Set price, | |||||||||
Chile ETS | ETS | Under consideration | TBC | National | Chile | Latin America & Caribbean | High income | |||||||||||||
Colombia ETS | ETS | Under development | TBC | National | Colombia | Latin America & Caribbean | Upper middle income | |||||||||||||
Japan ETS | ETS | Under development | TBC | National | Japan | East Asia & Pacific | High income | |||||||||||||
Thailand ETS | ETS | Under consideration | TBC | National | Thailand | East Asia & Pacific | Upper middle income | |||||||||||||
Türkiye ETS | ETS | Under consideration | TBC | National | Türkiye | Europe & Central Asia | Upper middle income | |||||||||||||
Ukraine ETS | ETS | Under development | TBC | National | Ukraine | Europe & Central Asia | Lower middle income | |||||||||||||
Brazil ETS | ETS | Under consideration | TBC | National | Brazil | Latin America & Caribbean | Upper middle income | |||||||||||||
Taiwan, China ETS | ETS | Under consideration | TBC | Subnational (State/Province) | Taiwan, China (China) | East Asia & Pacific | Upper middle income | |||||||||||||
Viet Nam ETS | ETS | Under development | TBC | National | Viet Nam | East Asia & Pacific | Lower middle income | |||||||||||||
Catalonia carbon tax | Carbon tax | Under consideration | TBC | Subnational (State/Province) | Catalonia (Spain) | Europe & Central Asia | High income | |||||||||||||
Côte d’Ivoire Carbon tax | Carbon tax | Under consideration | TBC | National | Côte d’Ivoire | Sub-Saharan Africa | Lower middle income | |||||||||||||
Senegal Carbon tax | Carbon tax | Under consideration | TBC | National | Senegal | Sub-Saharan Africa | Lower middle income | |||||||||||||
Pennsylvania ETS | ETS | Under consideration | TBC | Subnational (State/Province) | Pennsylvania (United States) | North America | High income | |||||||||||||
Manitoba ETS | ETS | Under consideration | TBC | Subnational (State/Province) | Manitoba (Canada) | North America | High income | |||||||||||||
Manitoba Carbon tax | Carbon tax | Under consideration | TBC | Subnational (State/Province) | Manitoba (Canada) | North America | High income | |||||||||||||
Jalisco Carbon tax | Carbon tax | Under consideration | TBC | Subnational (State/Province) | Jalisco (Mexico) | Latin America & Caribbean | Upper middle income | |||||||||||||
Botswana Carbon tax | Carbon tax | Under consideration | TBC | National | Botswana | Sub-Saharan Africa | Upper middle income | |||||||||||||
Brunei Darussalam Undecided | Undecided | Under consideration | TBC | National | Brunei Darussalam | East Asia & Pacific | High income | |||||||||||||
Hawaii carbon tax | Carbon tax | Under consideration | TBC | Subnational (State/Province) | Hawaii (United States) | North America | High income | |||||||||||||
Indonesia carbon tax | Carbon tax | Under consideration | TBC | National | Indonesia | East Asia & Pacific | Upper middle income | |||||||||||||
Israel carbon tax | Carbon tax | Under consideration | TBC | National | Israel | Middle East & North Africa | High income | |||||||||||||
Malaysia ETS | ETS | Under consideration | TBC | National | Malaysia | East Asia & Pacific | Upper middle income | |||||||||||||
Pakistan ETS | ETS | Under consideration | TBC | National | Pakistan | South Asia | Lower middle income | |||||||||||||
Sakhalin ETS | ETS | Under development | TBC | Subnational (State/Province) | Sakhalin (Russian Federation) | Europe & Central Asia | Upper middle income | Yes, unlimited | ||||||||||||
Serbia ETS | ETS | Under consideration | TBC | National | Serbia | Europe & Central Asia | Upper middle income | |||||||||||||
Morocco Carbon tax | Carbon tax | Under consideration | TBC | National | Morocco | Middle East & North Africa | Lower middle income | |||||||||||||
Gabon ETS | ETS | Under consideration | TBC | National | Gabon | Sub-Saharan Africa | Upper middle income | |||||||||||||
Nigeria ETS | ETS | Under consideration | TBC | National | Nigeria | Sub-Saharan Africa | Lower middle income | |||||||||||||
Albania ETS | ETS | Under consideration | TBC | National | Albania | Europe & Central Asia | Upper middle income | |||||||||||||
Georgia ETS | ETS | Under consideration | TBC | National | Georgia | Europe & Central Asia | Upper middle income | |||||||||||||
North Macedonia ETS | ETS | Under consideration | TBC | National | North Macedonia | Europe & Central Asia | Upper middle income | |||||||||||||
Moldova ETS | ETS | Under consideration | TBC | National | Moldova | Europe & Central Asia | Upper middle income | |||||||||||||
Bosnia and Herzegovina ETS | ETS | Under consideration | TBC | National | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Europe & Central Asia | Upper middle income | |||||||||||||
EU ETS2 | ETS | Under development | TBC | Regional | EU 27 (excl. UK) | Europe and Central Asia | High income | |||||||||||||
Taiwan carbon Fee | Carbon tax | Under consideration | TBC | Subnational (State/Province) | Taiwan, China (China) | East Asia & Pacific | Upper middle income | |||||||||||||
Guanajuato carbon tax | Carbon tax | Under development | TBC | Subnational (State/Province) | Guanajuato (Mexico) | Latin America & Caribbean | Upper middle income | |||||||||||||
New York State ETS | ETS | Under consideration | TBC | Subnational (State/Province) | New York (United States) | North America | High income | |||||||||||||
New Zealand agriculture emissions tax | Carbon tax | Under consideration | TBC | 2022 | National | New Zealand | East Asia & Pacific | High income | ||||||||||||
Slovenia carbon tax | Carbon tax | Abolished | 1996 | 2022 | National | Slovenia | Europe & Central Asia | High income | US$19.12 (€17.30) in 2022 | |||||||||||
Baja California carbon tax | Carbon tax | Abolished | 2020 | 2021 | Subnational (State/Province) | Baja California (Mexico) | Latin America & Caribbean | Upper middle income | US$8.32 (MXN170) in 2021 | |||||||||||
Tamaulipas carbon tax | Carbon tax | Abolished | 2022 | 2023 | Subnational (State/Province) | Tamaulipas (Mexico) | Latin America & Caribbean | Upper middle income | US$17.25 (MXN311.22) in 2023 | |||||||||||
Australia CPM | ETS | Abolished | 2012 | 2014 | National | Australia | East Asia & Pacific | High income | US$22.37 (A$24.15) in 2014 | |||||||||||
Alberta carbon tax | Carbon tax | Abolished | 2017 | 2019 | Subnational (State/Province) | Alberta (Canada) | North America | High income | US$22.49 (CAN$30) in 2019 | |||||||||||
Ontario CaT | ETS | Abolished | 2017 | 2018 | Subnational (State/Province) | Ontario (Canada) | North America | High income | US$11.70 (CAN$15.10) in 2018 |
